Transcript Hemipteroids

HEMIPTEROID ORDERS
PSOCOPTERA
(booklice, bark lice)
PHTHIRAPTERA
(lice)
THYSANOPTERA
(thrips)
Entognatha
Archaeognatha
Hexapoda
Insecta
Pterygota
?
Neoptera
Holometabola
Apterygotes
Paleoptera
Hemimetabolous
Holometabolous
Zygentoma = Thysanura
Ephemeroptera
Odonata
Plecoptera
Embiodea
Zoraptera
Dermaptera
Grylloblattodea
Mantophasmatodea
Orthoptera
Phasmatodea
Blattaria
Isoptera
Mantodea
Psocoptera
Phthiraptera
Thysanoptera
Hemiptera
Coleoptera
Rhaphidioptera
Megaloptera
Neuroptera
Hymenoptera
Mecoptera
Siphonaptera
Diptera
Strepsiptera
Trichoptera
Lepidoptera
Neoptera
?
Plecoptera
Zoraptera
Embiodea
Dermaptera
Grylloblattodea
Mantophasmatodea
Phasmida
Orthoptera
Mantodea
Isoptera
Blattaria
Psocoptera
Phthiraptera
Thysanoptera
Hemiptera
Coleoptera
Rhaphidioptera
Megaloptera
Neuroptera
Hymenoptera
Mecoptera
Siphonaptera
Diptera
Strepsiptera
Trichoptera
Lepidoptera
Polyneoptera
Paraneoptera
Neuropterida
Panorpida
General features of the Paraneoptera
1. Cerci are lost
2. Abdominal ganglia are fused into one large ganglion
3. Asymmetrical mandibles
HEMIPTEROID CLASSIFICATION
Mandibles present
Lacinia - a rod
Parasitic
Free living
Sucking
mouthparts
Phthiraptera - lice
Psocoptera - book lice
Thysanoptera - thrips
Right mandible lost
Mandibles + lacinia
= stylets
Both mandibles modified
Hemiptera- true bugs
Other
Psocoptera – bark lice
Psocoptera
Liposcelidae– book lice
Amblycera
Ischinocera
Phthiraptera
– true lice
Rhynchophthirina
Anopleura
Thysanoptera - thrips
Sternorrhyncha
Auchenorrhyncha
Hemiptera
detritus/microbial
Coleorrhyncha
Plants
Parasites/blood
Predatory
Heteroptera- true bugs
Hexapod Orders
Psocoptera
Psoco - gnaw, ptera - wings
Number of Species
4400
Common names
Book lice, bark lice
Typical habitats
Distinguishing characteristics
Other features
leaf litter, under stones, under bark
-only modification of mouthparts
-Lacinia is a rod
-eat any organic material
-damage stored material - books, specimens
Psocoptera – Mouthparts
Cardo
Stipes
Palp
Lacinia
Galea
Psocoptera – Mouthparts
Cardo
Stipes
Palp
Lacinia
Galea
Sitophore Plate/Sclerite
Psocoptera - Bark Lice
Psocoptera - Damage
Hexapod Orders
Phthiraptera
Phthir - louse, aptera - wingless
Number of Species
5,500
Common names
Lice
Typical habitats
Ectoparasites of birds and mammals
Distinguishing characteristics
Other features
-wingless
-modified fore tarsi
Reduced sense organs
-sucking & biting forms
Classification of lice
Classification schemes have been:
1.
2.
Order - Mallophaga - biting and
chewing lice
Order - Siphunculata - sucking lice
1.
1.
Order - Phthiraptera
1. Suborder - Amblycera
2. Suborder - Ischnocera
3. Suborder - Anoplura
4. Suborder - Rhynchophthirina
Order - Phthiraptera
1. Suborder - Mallophaga
2. Suborder - Siphunculata
Classification of lice
1.
Order - Phthiraptera
1. Suborder - Amblycera
2. Suborder - Ischnocera
3. Suborder - Anoplura
4. Suborder - Rhynchophthirina
Amblycera
Ischinocera
Rhynchophthirina
Anopleura
Phthiraptera
– true lice
Classification of lice
Biting/chewing lice
Sucking lice
Elephant lice
Amblycera and Ischnocera
Anoplura
Rhychnophthirina
Life cycle of human head louse
Female lays eggs
for 16 days - dies
Female lays eggs
2 days after mating
Larval louse
hatches in 67 days
Mating
Adult
Second instar
(2 days)
Fourth instar
(10 days)
Third instar
(5 days)
Host Specificity
Bird hosts
Mammal hosts
Rhynchophthirina
Ischnocera
Amblycera
Among the more famous Anoplura
Phthirus pubis -crab lice
Among the more famous Anoplura
Head and body lice - Pediculus humanus
Lice Infestation
Hexapod Orders
Thysanoptera
Thysano - fringed, ptera - wing
Number of Species
4500
Common names
Thrips
Typical habitats
Vegetation (flowers)
Distinguishing characteristics
-fringed wings
- no right mandible
Other features
-haploid/diploid
Thysanoptera Mouthparts
a. Labrum
b. Mandible
c. Food canal
d. Maxilla
e. Hypopharynx
f. Salivary canal
g. Labium
Thysanoptera - wings
Thysanoptera - Life cycle
Eggs laid on plants
(2-4 days)
Adult
PLANT
30 – 45 days
lays up to 450
eggs
2 larval instars
(1-4 days)
Prepupa
(1-2 days)
Pupa
(1-3) days
SOIL
Thysanoptera - Plant Damage
Sociality among thrips
Solitary
Colonial
Subsocial
Eusocial
No interactions
Share nest sites,
communal foraging and
egg guarding
Separate castes
Kladothrips
Sociality among thrips
Why?
1. Thrips aggregate in similar areas
2. Thrips have haploid-diploid sex determination
- males are from unfertilized eggs (N)
- females from fertilized eggs (2n)
Convergent
evolution with
Hymenoptera