Transcript Rise of Totalitarian Leaders

Rise of Totalitarian
Leaders
Rise of Totalitarian Leaders
A. European Struggle
1. Economic issues
a. Depression- worldwide, not just the
US!
b. Hyperinflation- Germany, 1920s
c. Loss of manpower and industry due to
WWI
d. Food issues (starvation in Germany)
Rise of Totalitarian Leaders
2. Nationalism
a. Extreme love for one’s country
1. Embarrassment for the Germans
after the War Guilt clause and
reparations.
2. Military restrictions for Germany
a. Max 100,000 troops and air
force/navy limits
3. Nationalist feelings in England,
France and Italy as well!
Totalitarian Leaders
3. Angry Population
a. Bitterness
b. Looking for a solution, or an answer
c. A return to greatness?
*These new leaders promised
economic recovery, military might,
and above all, a restoration of pride
and hope!
Totalitarian leaders
B. Case Studies
1. ITALY: Rise of Mussolini and Fascism
a. Benito Mussolini: a former teacher and
journalist
b. Created the system of “fascism”
c. Fascism- A totalitarian government
ruling through unity. The state is more
important than any individual!
Fasces
From Latin meaning
bundle of sticks –
Romans carried as a
symbol of authority and
community
Totalitarian Leaders
2. RUSSIA
a. Joseph (or sometimes Josef) Stalin
b. Communist Revolution- 1917
1. Death of Lenin in 1924
2. Stalin, after a power struggle among
other Communist leaders, takes over.
3. Stalin believes in “purging” or
killing/imprisoning enemies.
4. Through his rule over 10-12 million
people are killed in purges!
Totalitarian Leaders
3. GERMANY
a. Adolf Hitler- Joins the Nazi party in
1920
b. Instantly becomes a rising star with
his rousing, energetic speeches.
1. 1923- Hitler and followers try to
overthrow the democratic German
govt.
2. He is arrested and sent to prison
Totalitarian Leaders
3. In jail, Hitler writes his most
famous work Mein Kampf (My
Struggle)
a. In this book, Hitler celebrates
struggle, German struggle, as a
key to future success.
b. Hitler mixes nationalism, fascist
ideas, and racism/Darwinism.
c. Hitler capitalizes on anti-Jewish
sentiment in Germany!
Totalitarian Leaders
4. Eventually the Nazi party gains
power
5. The German President appoints
Hitler as Chancellor (Prime Minister)
of the German congress, the
Reichstag. (1933)
a. Hitler begins to follow his
plans of militarization,
nationalist pride, public works
projects, and racism.
Totalitarian Leaders
c. Hitler’s Racial Policies
1. Believed in racial superiority of
the German people (Aryans is a
term he used)
2. Wanted to re-establish a German
Empire
3. Anti Semitic- Blamed Jewish
people for many of the economic
issues in Germany at the time.
Cult of Personality Assign.
►
►
Your job is to create a cult of personality for
yourself.
It should show you as:
 Powerful, all-knowing, intelligent, kind and
loving.
 YOU MUST HAVE A MESSAGE (school approp)
 You can advertise yourself in a couple of ways
► Advertisement/Poster
► Poem/Song
► Skit
Totalitarian Leaders
C. Totalitarian Military Expansion
1. One of Hitler’s new ideas was the need
for “living space.”
a. This was a right of a superior people,
like the Aryans, according to Hitler.
b. The Germans had the right to expand,
especially to include other German
speakers.
Maps!!!
► Map
Exercise
Color in Each Totalitarian nation:
Italy
Germany
Russia
Next… let us color in the areas these Totalitarian
nations expanded into!