Chapter 24

Finish Ceilings & Floors

‘Interior’ Ceiling @ the Venetian Hotel (Las Vegas)

Functions of Finish Ceilings

Visual - color, texture, pattern, shape Control diffusion of:  light  sound Conceal MPE Accommodate: lights, diffusers, communication, sprinkler… May assist with  fire resistance  distribution / return of HVAC

Types of Ceilings

Exposed Structural & MPE Tightly Attached Suspended Interstitial

Exposed

Exposed Structure & MPE  Industrial, warehouse, …  Economy & ease of maintenance  Timber, trusses, etc.

 Often for appearance Flat Plate, PC plank (HC)  Painted - hotels & apartments  Minimal MPE services in ceiling  Economy and reduces story height

Exposed Structure Ceiling

“Joint” Preparation for Sprayed on Textured Ceiling Textured Ceiling

Exposed Timber & MPE Services @ a Ski Lodge

Tightly Attached

Attached directly to joists or slabs Special arrangements / accommodations for:  Structural members (beams, girders)  MPE systems

Suspended Ceilings

Suspended from the Structure  Generally by wires Materials: drywall, plaster, fibrous (acoustic) Structure

Ceiling Plenum space for ducts, pipes, conduit ...

Support System

•Metal Framing •Furring Channels •“Metal Grid

Support Wires Suspended Ceiling

•Drywall •Plaster •Acoustic (incombustible fibers)

Suspended Plaster Ceiling (note the delamination of the finish coat)

Acoustic “Lay-in Panels” •Exposed Metal Grid •2x2 or 2x4 Lay-in Panels •MPE “sized” to fit grid or cut into the acoustic tile •Economical

Acoustical Ceiling Grid Systems

“Difficult” to access

Main Runners

•Provide Main Ceiling Support •Generally 4’ o.c.

•Attached to “Hangers” •Additional hangers may be required to support MPE “loads”

Cross Tees

•Intermediate Support •“Rest”/ attach to Mains •Spacing depends on tile

Wall Angle

•Attaches to wall

Diffuser sized 2x2 “Recessed” Grid (also can be Flush, …) Ceiling mounted - lights, sprinkler, smoke detector, communication Multiple Tile Finishes Available

Common Support Grid Profile

Combination Light/Diffuser Suspended Ceiling used as a Fire Resistant Membrane

The Integrity of the Fire Resistant Rating Must be Maintained at the Ceiling Penetrations

Suspended Acoustic Ceiling with a Gypsum ‘Fire’ Ceiling Above

Interstitial Ceilings

Common with elaborate MPE systems  Hospitals & laboratories Purpose:  Accommodate extensive MPE systems  Provide access for maintenance & updating services

Finish Flooring Functions & Considerations

Functions:  Visual  Acoustics  Light  Wearing Surface Considerations  Life / durability  Skid resistance  Sanitation  Noise  Fire (resistance, combustibility)  Other (conductivity,..)

Under-floor Services

Distribution of electrical /communications Methods  Conduit  Cellular Raceways  Cellular Decking  Raised Flooring

Under-floor Electrical Services Placed in the concrete slab

Reducing Noise Transmission Use of a Soft material

 Padded carpet  Cushioned resilient flooring  Resilient underlayment

Selection of surrounding material

 Dense ceiling material below (plaster, drywall)  Mount ceiling on resilient clips or spring hangers

Skid & Fire Resistance

Skid Resistance  Measure by its static coefficient of friction (SCOF)  Skid resistance – desirable to minimize slipping Flame Resistance  Most flooring required to meet minimum criteria  Exit corridors typically have higher requirements

Hard Flooring Materials

Resistant to:  Wear  Moisture Noisy -conduct sound Types  Concrete, stone, brick, tile, terrazzo

Concrete Flooring

Advantages  Low initial cost  Durable Common Uses  Parking decks  Warehouses  Industrial

Exposed Concrete with a pattern & tinting

Types  Marble  Granite  Slate  Sandstone, … Installation  Setting Bed  Grouted joints

Stone

Marble

Granite

Bricks & Brick Pavers

Typically laid on face (but can be laid on edge) Often with a setting bed With Grouted Joints Without Grouted Joints

Paver Patterns

Quarry Tile

Fired Clay tiles Multiple shapes/sizes Installation   Setting Bed (typical) Thin Set  Grout Joints

Ceramic Tile

Fired Clay Often Glazed Finish Floors & Walls Multiple sizes & colors, smaller tiles shipped with backing sheets

Laying Ceramic Tile Reinforced ‘Mesh’ Bridge Cracks in Floor

Applying Adhesive with a Notched Trowel

Spacers Being Installed

Tile Placement

Cutting Tile

Small tile shipped with

backing sheet

Decorative Ceramic Tile

Terrazzo

 Ground/polished concrete  Typ. granite or marble chips w/ colored cement  Divider strips  At changes in color/texture, expansion/contraction

Brass Divider Strips

Wood Flooring

Materials  white & red oak, pecan, maple, pine, ….

Types  Wood Strip Flooring - blind nailed  Square edge - fasteners visible (or filled)  Parquet Pre-finished or finished in-place (except parquet)

Blind Nailed Strip Flooring

Multiple Floor Finishes wood, tile, & carpet

Resilient Flooring

Vinyl Composition Thin (1/8”), rolls or tiles (VCT)  Will show substrate irregularities Multiple colors & patterns Low cost, moderate durability Installation - glued

Carpet

Multiple styles, colors, … Indoor and Outdoor Installation  Glued directly to substrate, or  Pad & tackless strip

Edge Strip Glued Carpet abutting Terrazzo

Sustainability in Floors and Ceilings

Indoor air quality: problems often caused by finish materials and coatings ( glues, binders, fabrics, etc.) Mold & Mildew: can be a problem in carpets, wall coverings, & fabrics Vinyl common in finishes: manufacture of vinyl releases significant amounts of air pollution Recycling of interior materials in its infancy