Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Trichomoniasis, Syphilis, HIV

Dr. Nicholas Viyuoh, MD Board Certified OB/GYN Lock Haven Hospital-Haven Health Care for Women Presentation contains graphic pictures of diseases

Chlamydia

 What is it?

 A vaginal infection of the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis Normal Cervix Image from the Practitioner’s Handbook for the Management of STDs

Mucopurulet cervix

with inflammation, discharge, and ectopy (abnormal cells) due to infection with

Chlamydia

Image from The Practitioner’s Handbook for the Management of STDs

Chlamydia

 How is it transmitted?

  Oral, anal, vaginally, and during childbirth Chlamydia may be cultured from the throats of those who have had oral exposure from an infected individual  Symptoms — usually present within 2 weeks of exposure   Female: Vaginal discharge, burning with urination, painful intercourse, bleeding between menses Male: Penile discharge, burning with urination Chlamydial infection within the lymphatic system of an infected male

www.mc3.edu/sa/hpnc/nurstd/std.htm

Chlamydia

• • Rates of Chlamydia by Age Note: almost all cases of Chlamydia are college-aged MOST FREQUENTLY REPORTED BACTERIAL STD!

Clinton County Rates (2004) from the PA dept of Health • 61 reported cases in 2004 in Clinton County • 21,385 reported in PA in 2004, exclusive of Philadelphia • Rate increasing 8.84%/year From the Center of Disease Control

Chlamydia

The bacteria that causes Chlamydia:

Chlamydia trachomatis

microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Chlamydia

 Complications:   Females: PID, infertility Males: epididymitis  Prevention:    Abstinence Limit sexual partners Condoms  Treatment:  Antibiotics  Doxycycline, Azithromycin, Erythromycin

Gonorrhea

 What is it?

  STD cause by bacteria

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Very common STD  Signs/Symptoms — usually present within 10 days of exposure   Males: Burning with urination, yellow/green/white discharge from penis, swollen or tender testicles Females: often asymptomatic, painful urination, increased discharge

Penile discharge in individual infected with Gonorrhea www.mc3.edu/sa/hpnc/nurstd/std.htm

Gonorrhea

Cervical discharge in female infected with Gonorrhea http://medinfo.ufl.edu/year2/mmid/bms53 00/images/b2.jpg

 Complications  Females: PID, infertility  Males: epididymitis  Treatment: Antibiotics, although we are now seeing more resistance to antibiotics  Prevention: abstinence, limit number, condoms

Trichomoniasis

 What is it?

 STD caused by protozoan parasite

Trichomonas vaginalis

 Signs/Symptoms  Females: frothy yellow green discharge with a strong odor, pain with intercourse and urination, vaginal itching  Males: irritation in penis, discharge “Strawberry Cervix” from T. vaginalis

www.fpnotebook.com/ID211.htm

Trichomoniasis

T. vaginalis, protozoa that causes Trichomoniasis isolated from culture http://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/not es/intes.html

 Complications  More susceptibility to other STDs and HIV  Prevention  Abstinence  Limit Sexual Partners  Condoms  Treatment  Vaginal or oral medication: Flagyl

Syphilis

 What is it?

 Bacterial STD caused by

Treponema pallidum

 Transmission  Have to have a sore to transmit, but sores may be hidden  Transmitted vaginally, anally, orally www.wales.nhs.uk

Syphilis

 pathmicro.med.sc.edu Signs/Symptoms  May be asymptomatic for years    Primary stage: painless ulcer (chancre) lasting 3-6 weeks Secondary stage: rash (not itchy), on palms of hands and soles of feet, swollen gland, weight loss, headaches.

Tertiary stage: internal organ (brain, heart, eye, nerves) damage,  End stage: paralysis, numbness, blindness, dementia, death From the Practitioner’s Handbook of Management of STDs

Syphilis

   Diagnosis:   One of the 2 STDs that is diagnosed with a blood test (other is HIV) The test is called an RPR.

Treatment:  Antibiotics in the primary or secondary stages Prevention:    Abstinence Condoms Limit Partners http://www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br/_img/figuras_en/200604201 93906.jpg

HIV

 HIV: what is it?

 HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus  AIDS is Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)  Having HIV does NOT mean you have AIDS http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/Chem101/hiv/HIV 1.html

References



http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/trends2005.

htm

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http://www.cdc.gov/std/default.htm