Transcript The Role of Energy Storage in Renewable Power Integration

The Role of Energy Storage in
Renewable Power Integration
Emily Fertig
Sharon Wagner
Carnegie Mellon University
Energy storage can facilitate renewable
energy integration
Source: http://www.celgard.com/
Source: http://www.environment-green.com
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Source: http://technorati.com/
Key energy storage research areas include:
•
Technology-specific issues
– Mechanical storage
– Electrical storage
– Thermal storage
•
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Valuation of energy storage
Mechanical storage options include:
•
•
•
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Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
Pumped hydroelectric storage
Flywheels
CAES can enable wind to supply quick,
reliable energy
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Source: http://www.shpegs.org/cawegs.html
CAES has been operating for over 20 years:
• Huntorf, Germany: 290 MW (1978)
• McIntosh, Alabama: 110 MW (1991)
• Iowa Stored Energy Park: 2700 MW (2011)
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CAES has many benefits for renewables
• Large storage: smoothes daily variability
Key
research
area:
• Ramps
quickly:
smoothes hourly variability
The economic effect of integrating CAES in different
• More cost-effective that batteries at GWh
electricity markets and varying levels of renewable
scalepenetration
energy
• Many locations with suitable geology in U.S.
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Pumped hydro is limited by location
Key research area:
Run-of-river hydro storage (all aspects)
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Source: http://www.tva.gov/power/pumpstorart.htm
Flywheels can help with grid angular stability
and voltage support
• Produce 100-2000 kW for 550 seconds
• Best for high-power, low
Key
research
areas:
energy applications
•Materials development
•Cost reduction
•Improved manufacture techniques
Source: http://www.powergenworldwide.com/
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Key energy storage research areas include:
•
Technology-specific issues
– Mechanical storage
– Electrical storage
– Thermal storage
•
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Valuation of energy storage
Batteries are wonderful for renewables,
but expensive
• Store and release power
across
a broad range
of time
Key
research
areas:
scales
•Large-scale demonstration projects
• Smooth rapid fluctuations
•Cost reduction
• Mitigate daily variability
Source: http://www.greencarreports.com/blog/
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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles could act as
distributed grid storage
• Daily load leveling
Key
research
areas:
• Frequency
regulation
• Reserve the public and private benefit of using
•Quantify
• Large-scale
use: reduce battery
PHEV’s
for arbitrage
costs through competition and
•Identify
policy incentives necessary to align
mass production
consumer behavior with maximum social welfare
Source: http://keetsa.com/
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Key energy storage research areas include:
•
Technology-specific issues
– Mechanical storage
– Electrical storage
– Thermal storage
•
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Valuation of energy storage
Thermal storage can be hot or cold
Source:
http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=20
1948
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Source:
http://www.kelcroft.com.hk/news/ice_storage2004103
0.htm
Demand-side “hot” storage is usually used
with solar collectors
Key research areas:
decrease in electricity demand
••Quantify
Store heatpotential
energy in hot
water
for later use use
from
wide-spread
••Determine
Reduce electricity
demand
optimum
system size for max
for hot water
economic
returns
•ID policy initiatives to encourage more
deployment
Source:
http://www.conservationhalton.on.ca/uploads/solar%20water
%20heating.gif
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A “cold” storage system generates ice to
chill water for air conditioning
Key research areas:
•Quantify potential shift in electricity demand
Shift electricity demand for
from air
wide-spread
useday to
conditioning from
•Determine
optimum system size for max
night
economic returns
•ID policy initiatives to encourage more
deployment
Source:
http://www.solarthermalmagazine.com/2010/04/1
2/storing-thermal-energy-a-cool-new-way/
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On the supply-side, storage is usually
coupled with CSP
Source: http://www.volker-quaschning.de/articles/fundamentals2/index.php
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CSP-TES has been operating commercially
for 2 years
Key research areas:
Andasol 1 in Spain: 50 MW (2008)
•Reduce costs
••Quantify
Smoothes hourly
variation from
long-term
effect of TES in CSP O&M
clouds
costs
• Extends plant operation into
nighttime peak
hours
•Evaluate
thedemand
profitability
of different configurations
•Evaluate the effect of different policy initiatives on
decision to use TES with CSP
•Compare economic & environmental implications
Source:
of TES for different CSP technologies
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-touse-solar-energy-at-night
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Key energy storage research areas include:
•
Technology-specific issues
– Mechanical storage
– Electrical storage
– Thermal storage
•
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Valuation of energy storage
An accurate valuation of energy storage
should consider:
• Air quality and economic benefits of offset generation
capacity
• Firming of renewable power to help fulfill RPS requirements
• Avoided construction of new transmission capacity and
transmission congestion relief from renewables
• Relief of ramping requirements for base-load generators
• Overall reduction in cost of ancillary services
• Deferral of substation upgrades
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Overall, we recommend that the
Renewelec Project should:
• Quantify storage potential, costs and benefits
for different energy storage technologies
• Identify how grid and power plant operators
need to adapt to support storage
• Examine market and regulatory strategies
needed to support storage implementation
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Emily Fertig: [email protected]
Sharon Wagner: [email protected]
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