Transcript Titik Impas

Ajang Mulyadi
1
Laba  Jumlah Penghasila
n - Jumlah Biaya
pada titik impas Laba  0, sehingga
Jumlah Penghasila
n  Jumlah Biaya
  TR  TC
TR  TC
  pQ  vQ  F
pQ  vQ  F
  F  pQ  vQ   p  v Q
Q 
pQ  vQ  F
 p  v Q
 F
p  v
F
Q 
Q  Kuantitas
F
p  v
Titik Impas
Ajang Mulyadi
2
Q  Kuantitas
titik impas
F  Biaya Tetap
p - v  Marjin Kontribusi
per unit

Kuantitas
Titik Impas 
Biaya Tetap
Marjin Kontribusi
Ajang Mulyadi
3
BEP Rupiah = Kuantitas BEP x Harga Jual Per Unit
BEP
 Q  p 


p
 v
p
F
 v
 v

1
p
p
 Ratio Marjin Kontribusi
v


Titik Impas
F
Rupiah

Biaya Tetap
Ratio Marjin Kontribusi
v

p

p
p
pF
p

F
p
F
1
v
p
Ajang Mulyadi
4
Harga Jual per satuan
Biaya Variabel per satuan
1.500,00
750,00
Biaya Tetap
Volume yang direncanakan
BEP Q 

F
BEP
p  v
750.000.000,00
2.500.000 unit
Rp
 750







 750 . 000 . 000
 
750

1


1500

750 . 000 . 000
1 . 500

 F
 
1 p

v


 1 . 000 . 000 unit

750 . 000 . 000


750 . 000 . 000
 
1  0 , 50



 Rp 1 . 500 . 000 . 000
0 , 50
Ajang Mulyadi
5
Jumlah Penghasilan dan Biaya (Jutaan Rp)
Jumlah Penghasilan
Jumlah Biaya
2000
1500
Biaya Variabel
1000
Jumlah Biaya Tetap
500
0
500
1000
Mulyadi
VolumeAjang
Penjualan
1500
2000
6
750.000
375.000
Titik impas
0
-375.000
-750.000
250
500
750
1000
1250
Ajang Mulyadi
1500
7
Volume
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,400,000
1,500,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,900,000
2,000,000
2,100,000
2,200,000
2,300,000
2,400,000
2,500,000
Fixed Costs
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
750,000,000
Variable Costs
Total Costs
750,000,000
75,000,000
825,000,000
150,000,000
900,000,000
225,000,000
975,000,000
300,000,000
1,050,000,000
375,000,000
1,125,000,000
450,000,000
1,200,000,000
525,000,000
1,275,000,000
600,000,000
1,350,000,000
675,000,000
1,425,000,000
750,000,000
1,500,000,000
825,000,000
1,575,000,000
900,000,000
1,650,000,000
975,000,000
1,725,000,000
1,050,000,000
1,800,000,000
1,125,000,000
1,875,000,000
1,200,000,000
1,950,000,000
1,275,000,000
2,025,000,000
1,350,000,000
2,100,000,000
1,425,000,000
2,175,000,000
1,500,000,000
2,250,000,000
1,575,000,000
2,325,000,000
1,650,000,000
2,400,000,000
1,725,000,000
2,475,000,000
1,800,000,000
2,550,000,000
1,875,000,000Ajang Mulyadi
2,625,000,000
Total Revenue
150,000,000
300,000,000
450,000,000
600,000,000
750,000,000
900,000,000
1,050,000,000
1,200,000,000
1,350,000,000
1,500,000,000
1,650,000,000
1,800,000,000
1,950,000,000
2,100,000,000
2,250,000,000
2,400,000,000
2,550,000,000
2,700,000,000
2,850,000,000
3,000,000,000
3,150,000,000
3,300,000,000
3,450,000,000
3,600,000,000
3,750,000,000
Laba/Rugi
(750,000,000)
(675,000,000)
(600,000,000)
(525,000,000)
(450,000,000)
(375,000,000)
(300,000,000)
(225,000,000)
(150,000,000)
(75,000,000)
75,000,000
150,000,000
225,000,000
300,000,000
375,000,000
450,000,000
525,000,000
600,000,000
675,000,000
750,000,000
825,000,000
900,000,000
975,000,000
1,050,000,000
1,125,000,000
8
F
Volume penjualan yang harus diperoleh pada tingkat laba (asumsi
harga jual tetap)
v
MK
-
100,000,000 150,000,000 200,000,000 250,000,000 300,000,000
750,000,000
750
750
1,000,000
1,133,333
1,200,000
1,266,667
1,333,333
1,400,000
C0
750,000,000
825
675
1,111,111
1,259,259
1,333,333
1,407,407
1,481,481
1,555,556
C1
750,000,000
900
600
1,250,000
1,416,667
1,500,000
1,583,333
1,666,667
1,750,000
C2
750,000,000
675
825
909,091
1,030,303
1,090,909
1,151,515
1,212,121
1,272,727
C3
750,000,000
600
900
833,333
944,444
1,000,000
1,055,556
1,111,111
1,166,667
C4
825,000,000
750
750
1,100,000
1,233,333
1,300,000
1,366,667
1,433,333
1,500,000
C5
900,000,000
750
750
1,200,000
1,333,333
1,400,000
1,466,667
1,533,333
1,600,000
C6
675,000,000
750
750
900,000
1,033,333
1,100,000
1,166,667
1,233,333
1,300,000
C7
600,000,000
750
750
800,000
933,333
1,000,000
1,066,667
1,133,333
1,200,000
C8
Ajang Mulyadi
9
Berapa volume penjualan boleh turun tetapi perusahaan tidak mengalami
kerugian ?
MS  Margin of Safety
MS 
Qt  Qi
Q t  Volume
 100 %
Qt
yang ditargetka n
Q i  Volume impas
MS 
Qt  Qi
 100 %
Qt

2 . 500 . 000  1 . 000 . 000
 100 %
2 . 500 . 000
 60 %
Ajang Mulyadi
10
Persentase perubahan pada laba yang diakibatkan oleh perubahan pada
volume penjualan
DOL  Degree of Leverage
DOL 

   % perubahan
laba
Q
 Q  % perubahan
volume
Contoh :
DOL = 3 artinya setiap perubahan 1% pada volume penjualan akan mengakibatkan
perubahan laba 3%
Ajang Mulyadi
11
Bagaimanakah pengaruh beban pajak penghasilan terhadap titik impas ?
Lihat data di contoh pertama !
Bagaimana kalau ada PPh badan 40%,
berapakah volume penjualan harus dicapai
agar target laba tidak berubah ?
Target Laba   2 . 500 . 000  1 . 000 . 000   Rp 750 , 00
 Rp 1 . 125 . 000 . 000 , 00
TLB  TLL  Tax  TLL
 TLL  1  Tax
TLL 
TLB
1  Tax 


 pQ  vQ  F
Ajang Mulyadi
12
pQ  vQ  F 
1500 Q  750 Q  750000000

1125000000
1 
40 % 
1125000000
60 %
1500 Q  750 Q  750000000
 1875000000
750 Q  1875000000
 750000000
750 Q  2625000000
Q 
2625000000
 3500000
750
Dengan menjual 3.500.000 unit beban pajak 40% tidak akan mempengaruhi target laba Rp
1.125.000.000,00.
Ajang Mulyadi
13
Ajang Mulyadi
14