11.4 Angiosperms

 Many Plants are Flowering & Fruiting Plants

11.4 Angiosperms have flowers & fruit

   An angiosperms: Plants w/flowers & fruits.

 Examples: Peanuts, grapes, squash, roses, spider plants, grasses  Most plant species alive now are angiosperms.

Sperm of flowering plant = pollen grain Do not need an outside source of water to reach the eggs.

11.4 Angiosperms

 Difference between Angiosperms & Gymnosperms:  Sperm and egg cells are contained in the flower in an angiosperm  Flower is the reproductive structure of an angiosperm   Eggs cells develop in an ovary After fertilization of egg, ovary wall thickens, & ovary becomes the fruit

11.4 Angiosperms

  Embryos are enclosed within seeds. Both Gen1 Gen2 occur within a single plant.

 Both Angiosperms and Gymnosperms have separate male & female reproductive structures.

 Some species have separate male and female plants

11.4 Angiosperm Life Cycle

   Flower is reproductive structure Stage 1  Meiosis in Anther (male part) produces sperm cell inside the pollen grains  Meiosis in ovary of the Pistil (female part) produces the egg Stage 2  Pollen released; catches on pistil which has a mature egg cell in the ovary

11.4 Life Cycle cont.

 Stage 3  Fertilization occurs when the pollen tube reaches the ovary & sperm fertilizes the egg  Fertilized egg grows into an embryo and develops a seed coat.  Ovary develops into a fruit  Stage 4  Fruit falls to ground; germinates into new plant

11-4 Flowers

  Vary in size, shape, color, fragrance  Some have reproductive structures (both) in 1 flower.  Some have male reproductive structures in 1 flower; female in another Sepals = leafy structures that enclose the flower. They open, fall off after blooming.

11.4 Flowers

  Petals=most colorful part of flower & may attract animal pollinators (butterlies;bees)  Petals are leafy structures arranged in a circle around the pistil. Petals open as reproductive structures mature.

Stamen = male reproductive structure of a flower. It includes: filament stalk & anther. Anther produces pollen

11.4 Flowers

    Pistil = female reproductive structure Ovary - Located at the base of the pistil Contains egg cells that mature into eggs Stigma = top of pistil where pollen grains attach.

11.4 Fruit

    Fruit = ripened plant ovary. Some ovaries contain 1 seed (Avacado) Some contain many (apple) “Fleshy” fruits because they have juicy flesh = cherry, apple, corn   Dry fruits (peanuts, walnuts, sunflowers) Some seed coats have “wings” to help them spread.

How seeds spread

 Interactions between plants and animals   Food source  Animals spread seeds (eat; carried on fur)  Animals spread pollen Example: Bees & spread pollen & make honey;

11.4 Humans need plants

    For food (fruit/veggies) and O2 For Energy Resources (natural gas or coal) and Soil for growing crops Other Products      Building homes Making paper Cotton for jeans/clothes Dyes for fabric Medicines like Aspirin