Transcript MORFOLOGI BUNGA 2 - www.masbudhi.net.tc

MORFOLOGI BUNGA 2
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Bagian Bagian Bunga
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Pedicellus
Receptaculum
Periantium / Perigonium
Androecium
– Stamen
• Gynaecium
– Pistillum
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Bagian-Bagian Bunga
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stigma
stamen
Staminal colum
petal
calyx
pedicellus
epicalyx
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The Main Part of a Flower Typically
has Four Parts
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Kelopak Bunga
• First series; the outermost
whorl or spiral of a typical
flower (asexual/sterile)
• Biasanya gugur pada saat
bunga berkembang
menjadi buah
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• Ada yang persisten seperti pada jambu, terong
• Lobus calyx (sepal) dapat membesar seperti pada
Mussaenda frondosa
• Pada Malvaceae (Hibiscus) terdapat epicalyx
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petal
Staminal
colum
ovarium
epicalyx
pedicellus
stylus
calyx
ovulum
reseptculu
m
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Tipe Kelopak
• Berlekatan (gamosepalus)
– Berbagi, bercangap, berlekuk
• Lepas (polysepalus)
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Corolla
• Petals (corolla) – Second
series; the second whorl or
spiral of a typical flower
(asexual/sterile); petals
alternate with sepals
• Perianth – collective term
for calyx + corolla
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Corolla
• Terdiri atas petal yang:
– Berlekatan (Sympetalus, gamopetalus, monopetalus)
• Limbus
• Faux
• tubus
– Lepas (Choripetalus, dialypetalus,polypetalus)
– Tidak berpetal (Apetalus)
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Tipe corola
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Simetri Radial (Actinomorphus)
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Bintang (rotatus/stellatus)
Tabung (tubulosus)
Terompet (hypocrateriformis)
Mangkuk (urceolatus)
Corong (infundibuliformis)
Lonceng (campanulatus)
Simetri Bilateral (Zygomorphus)
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Bertaji (calcaratus)
Berbibir (Labiatus)
Bentuk kupu-kupu (pappilionaceus)
Bertopeng (personatus)
Bentuk pita (ligulatus)
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Perhiasan bunga (periantium)
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Bunga Lengkap : Perhiasan bunga lengkap
Bunga tidak lengkap: salah satu perhiasan bunga tidak ada
Bunga sempurna : Hermaphrodit
Bunga tidak sempurna : Uniseksualis
Bunga Telanjang : tanpa perhiasan bunga  Euphorbia pulcherrima
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Tenda bunga (perigonium)
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Tidak bisa dibedakan antara sepal dan petal tepal
Contoh :
– Michelia champaca (cempaka)
– Gloriosa superba (Kembang sungsang)
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Kelamin Bunga
• Hermaphrodit ♀♂
• Uniseksualis ♀ atau ♂
• Mandul (Steril) jika pada bunga tidak terdapat alat
kelamin
– Bunga tepi pada bunga matahari
braktea Ovarium
bunga
tabung
Mahkota Ovarium
Mahkota
bunga
bunga tepi bunga tepi
tabung
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Tipe Tumbuhan Berdasarkan Kelamin
Bunga
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Monoecious: Berumah satu
(bunga jantan dan betina ada
pada satu tumbuhan)
– Jagung (Zea mays)
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Dioecious: Berumah dua (bunga
jantan dan betina terpisah pada
dua individu tumbuhan
– Salak (Zalacca edulis)
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Polygamus: Jika pada satu
tumbuhan terdapat bunga jantan,
bunga betina dan bunga banci
sekaligus
– Pepaya (Carica papaya)
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Simetri Bunga
• Asimetris :
– Canna,
– Delonix regia
• Zygomorphus / Simetri bilateral ( ↑ )
– Clitoria ternatea
– Datura metel
• Actinomorphus / Simetri radial ( ☼ )
– Solanum torvum
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Receptaculum
• Sering termodifikasi menjadi
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Antofor (Anyelir / Dianthus caryophyllus)
Androfor (Gynandropsis pentaphylla)
Ginofor (Nelumbium nelumbo)
Adroginofor (Passiflora quadrangularis)
Diskus (Citrus)
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Corona
Anther
Style
Sepal
Petal
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Tipe bunga berdasarkan reseptakulum dan
perhiasan bunga
• Hipogynus
– Casia siamea
• Perigynus
– Lagerstroemia sp
• Epigynus
– Centela asiatica
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Stamen
• Stamen(s) (androecium) –
– Third series; the third whorl or
spiral; the male reproductive
unit; stamens alternate with
petals and are opposite the
sepals
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Ada tiga bagian
• Tangkai sari (filamentum)
• Kepala Sari (anthera)
– Ruang /Kotak sari (theca)
– Serbuk sari (pollen)
• Penghubung kotak sari
(Connectivum)
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Letak Stamen pd Bunga
• Pada reseptaculum (jeruk)
• Diatas kelopak (mawar)
• Diatas corolla (heliotropium indicum)
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Jumlah Benang Sari
• Banyak (Myrtaceae)
• Dlm Dua lingkaran (2x jumlah petal)
• Sama banyak dengan petal
– Epipetal
– Episepal
• Didynamus (Labiatae)
• Tetradynamus (Crucyferae)
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Tangkai Sari / Filamentum
• Monadelphus (satu berkas)
– Hibiscus rosasinensis
• Diadelphus (dua berkas)
– papilionaceae / fabaceae
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Kepala Sari
• Duduk pada tangkai
– Basifixus
– Adnatus
– Versatilis  Graminae
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Membukanya kepala sari
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Celah membujur (longitudinal dehiscent)
Celah melintang (transversal dehiscent)
Lobang pada pangkal (poro dehiscent)
Katup (valvi dehiscent)
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istilah
• Staminodium (benang sari yang steril)
• Staminodium petaloid (benang sari yang
termodifikasi menjadi petal)
• Staminal colum (tangkaisari bersatu berbentuk
tabung)
• Staminodes – sterile stamens (they do not produce
pollen); variable in form and size, may be petaloid or
secrete nectar
• Epipetalous – stamens adnate to corolla
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• Hypanthium (floral cup) – a structure derived by the
adnation of the perianth bases and stamens. It is
variously shaped.
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Putik
• Carpel(s) (gynoecium) – Fourth series; the terminal
or centermost component; the female reproductive
unit; 1 to many separate or fused carpels comprise a
gynoecium
• Kepala Putik (stigma)
• Tangkai Putik (stilus)
• Bakal Buah (ovarium)
– Bakal Biji
– Plasenta
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Carpels 1 per flower
Carpels more than 1 per flower:
– carpels distinct (apocarpous
gynoecium)
– carpels connate (syncarpous
gynoecium)
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Pistil – equivalent to
gynoecium; formed from one or
more carpels
Simple pistil – a gynoecium
with one carpel
Compound pistil – a gyneocium
with two to many separate or
fused carpels (it combines both
apocarpous and syncarpous
gynoecia)
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Kepala Putik
• Berbagai bentuk:
– Benang : jagung
– Bulu ayam : padi
– Bulat : jeruk
• Gynostegium: Kepala Putik bersatu dengan stamen
 Callotrophis gigantea
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Bakal Buah
• Berdasarkan letak bakal buah terhadap dasar bunga
– Superus
– Semiinferus
– Inferus
• Berdasarkan jumlah ruang
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Beruang satu : pepaya
Beruang dua : kubis
Beruang tiga : karet
Beruang banyak: duren
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Plasenta
• Placentation – the arrangement of ovules within the ovary 
plasenta (tembuni)
• PLACENTATION TYPES:
• Marginal
• Axile – only found in a syncarpous gynoecium; the placental
area of the ovary is attached to an axis derived from the connate
margins of the component carpels – such an ovary is divided
into two or more locules by septa. The ovules are borne along
the central axis.
• Parietal – only found in a syncarpous gynoecium; the placental
areas are attached to the side walls of the ovary (or extrusions
of the wall) – such an ovary usually has one locule (therefore no
septa). NOTE: Your textbook considers marginal placentation a
type of parietal placentation; we won't in this course.
– Sentrales
– Aksilaris
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PLACENTATION TYPES
• Marginal – only found in
an apocarpous
gynoecium; the ovules
are attached to the
folded margins of the
carpel.
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PLACENTATION TYPES
• Axile – only found in a syncarpous gynoecium; the
placental area of the ovary is attached to an axis
derived from the connate margins of the component
carpels – such an ovary is divided into two or more
locules by septa. The ovules are borne along the
central axis.
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PLACENTATION TYPES
• Parietal – only found in a syncarpous gynoecium; the
placental areas are attached to the side walls of the
ovary (or extrusions of the wall) – such an ovary
usually has one locule (therefore no septa). NOTE:
Your textbook considers marginal placentation a type
of parietal placentation; we won't in this course.
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PLACENTATION TYPES
• Apical – attachment of ovules to the top of the ovary
(one locule, no septa)
• Basal – attachment of ovules to the botton of the
ovary (one locule, no septa)
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• Free-central – attachment of ovules to a freestanding central column in a syncarpous unilocular
ovary (one locule, no septa)
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Insertion
• Insertion (the method of attachment of one structure
to another)
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Insertion
• SUPERIOR OVARY – Ovary situated ABOVE the
point of attachment of the perianth and androecium
and wholly free from them (stamens may be adnate
to corolla)
– Hypogynous flower – a flower with perianth and androecium
arising from below the ovary (gynoecium).
– Perigynous flower (if hypanthium not adnate to ovary) – a
flower with perianth and androecium arising from a floral cup
that is NOT adnate to the ovary. Remember – the ovary is
still superior!
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Insertion
• INFERIOR OVARY – Ovary is BELOW the point of
attachment of the outer flower parts (perianth and
androecium). In other words, the outer floral whorls
are adnate to the ovary. A hypanthium (floral cup)
may or may not be present.
– Epigynous flower (if hypanthium adnate to ovary) – a flower
with perianth and androecium apparently arising upon the
ovary (rather than the receptacle).
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Evolutionary Development of the
Carpel
• What is a carpel?
– Basic unit of gynoecium
– The foliar, ovule – bearing unit of a flower that forms either
all (apocarpous) or part (syncarpous) of the gynoecium.
– Leaflike megasporophyll with infolded or inrolled connate
margins bearing one or more ovules on the inside.
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• How can the number of carpels comprising a
gynoecium be determined?
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Count the stigmas
Count the styles
Count the lobes of the ovary
Count the locules in the ovary
Count rows of placentae
• Variation in fusion and closure of carpels from
Walters and Keil, 1988, Vascular Plant Taxonomy, 3rd
ed.
• Placentation types from Walters and Keil, 1988,
Vascular Plant Taxonomy, 3rd ed.
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Correspondence between flower and fruit
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