Transcript Brief history of Turkey

The Battle of Malazgirt, was fought between the Byzantine Empire and Seljuq
Turks led by Alp Arslan on August 26, 1071. The decisive defeat of the
Byzantine army allowed Turks to gradually populate Anatolia.
Ottoman Empire was an empire that lasted from 27 July 1299 to 29 October 1923.
• At the height of its power, in the 16th and 17th centuries, it
controlled territory in southeastern Europe, southwestern
Asia, and North Africa The Ottoman Empire contained 29
provinces and numerous vassal states, some of which were
later absorbed into the empire, while others were granted
various types of autonomy during the course of centuries.
The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople(Istanbul) in 1453 Fatih Sultan Mehmed
cemented the status of the Empire as the preeminent power in southeastern Europe
and the eastern Mediterranean
HE IS THE CONQUERER of ISTANBUL
Hagia Sophia is a former Orthodox patriarchal basilica, later a mosque,
and now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey.
A VIEW of HAGIA SOPHIA
A VIEW of HAGIA SOPHIA
• Suleiman I. was the tenth
and longest-reigning Sultan
of the Ottoman Empire,
from 1520 to his death in
1566. He is known in the
West as Suleiman the
Magnificent and in the East,
as "The Lawgiver", for his
complete reconstruction of
the Ottoman legal system.
• Suleiman became a
prominent monarch of 16th
century Europe, presiding
over the apex of the
Ottoman Empire's military,
political and economic
power. Suleiman personally
led Ottoman armies to
conquer the Christian
strongholds of Belgrade,
Rhodes, and most of
Hungary before his
conquests were checked at
the Siege of Vienna in 1529
• The Siege of Vienna in 1529 was
the first attempt by the Ottoman
Empire, led by Suleiman the
Magnificent, to capture the city
of Vienna, Austria. The siege
signalled the pinnacle of the
Ottoman Empire's power, the
maximum extent of Ottoman
expansion in central Europe, and
was the result of a long-lasting
rivalry with Europe. Thereafter,
150 years of bitter military
tension and reciprocal attacks
ensued, culminating in the Battle
of Vienna in 1683, which marked
the start of the Great Turkish War
by European powers to remove
the Ottoman presence.
The Balkan Wars were two
conflicts that took place in the
Balkans in south-eastern
Europe in 1912 and 1913.
İNGİLTERE
ALMANYA
FRANSA
AVUSTURYAMACARİSTAN
RUSYA
İTALYA
ABD
ROMANYA
JAPONYA
YUNANİSTAN
İTALYA
BULGARİSTAN
OSMANLI
• The Battle of Gallipoli,took
place at the peninsula of
Gallipoli in the Ottoman
Empire (in modern day Turkey)
between 25 April 1915 and 9
January 1916, during the First
World War. A joint British and
French operation was mounted
to capture the Ottoman capital
of Constantinople and secure
a sea route to Russia. The
attempt failed, with heavy
casualties on both sides
The struggle laid the grounds for the Turkish War of Independence
and the foundation of the Republic of Turkey eight years later
under Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), himself a commander at Gallipoli.
THE REGIONS TAKEN by DIFFERENT COUNTRIES ACCORDING to ‘ THE TREATY
of MONDROS’
•
The Treaty of Sèvres (10 August 1920) was the peace treaty between
the Ottoman Empire and Allies at the end of World War I. However ,the powers
could not come to an agreement which, in turn, hinged on the outcome
of the Turkish national movement. The Treaty of Sèvres was annulled in
the course of the Turkish War of Independence and the parties signed
and ratified the superseding Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.
• The Turkish War of
Independence was a
war of independence
waged by Turkish
nationalists against
the Allies, after the
country was
partitioned by the
Allies following the
Ottoman Empire 's
defeat in World War I
• A cadre of young military
officers, led by Mustafa
Kemal Atatürk and his
colleagues, organized a
successful resistance to
the Allies; in 1923, they
would establish the
modern Republic of
Turkey with Atatürk as its
first president
Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with an ancient
cultural heritage. Turkey began full membership negotiations with the European