Chapter 11 Section 3 Notes
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Transcript Chapter 11 Section 3 Notes
11.3 SOCIAL AND
CULTURAL TENSIONS
OBJECTIVES
Compare economic and cultural life in rural
America to that in urban America
Discuss the changes in U.S. immigration policy
in the 1920s
Analyze the goals and motives of the KKK in
the 1920s
Discuss the successes and failures of the 18 th
amendment
FIRST TIME FOR EVERY THING
1920 census-more people lived in urban areas
than in rural regions
Split between urban and rural America
Education becomes more important
Ingredient for success
Modernism
Growing trend to emphasis science over secular
values over traditional ideas about religion
Fundamentalism
Emphasized Protestant teachings and the belief that
every word in the Bible was literal truth
SCOPES TRIAL 1925
Fundamentalism and
Modernism clash head-on
John Scopes-Tennessee
teacher who wanted to
teach evolution to his
science class
Clarence Darrow -most
celebrated defense attorney
Scopes found guilty of
breaking the law -fact that
was never in question
Fined $100
Each side still believed in
the truth of its position
THE BATTLE OVER EVOLUTION
O P P O N E N T S O F D A R W I N ’ S T H E O R I E S S E T U P S H O P AT T H E O P E N I N G O F T H E
FA M E D “ M O N K E Y T R I A L ” I N D AY T O N , T E N N E S S E E , I N 1 9 2 5 . T H E T R I A L W A S A N E A R LY
B AT T L E I N A N A M E R I C A N “ C U LT U R E W A R ” T H AT I S S T I L L B E I N G W A G E D M O R E T H A N
S E V E N T Y- F I V E Y E A R S L A T E R .
RESTRICTING IMMIGRATION
Congress passed a law requiring immigrants
to take a literacy test before WWI began
Immigrants who could not read or write their
own language were prohibited
Emergency Quota Act 1921
Put quota on immigration from specific countries
National Origins Act
# of immigrants of a given nationality could not
exceed 2% of the # living in the U.S. in 1890
Excluded most Asian immigrants
THE ONLY WAY TO HANDLE IT
I S O L AT I O N I S T S A N D N AT I V I S T S S U C C E E D E D I N D A M M I N G U P T H E F L O W
O F I M M I G R A N T S T O T H E U N I T E D S TAT E S I N T H E E A R LY 1 9 2 0 S . T H E
I M M I G R AT I O N A C T O F 1 9 2 4 P L A C E D S T R I C T Q U O TA S O N E U R O P E A N
I M M I G R A N T S A N D C O M P L E T E LY S H U T O U T T H E J A PA N E S E .
ANNUAL IMMIGRATION AND THE
QUOTA LAWS
MEXICAN IMMIGRANTS
Quota system did not apply to Mexico
Settled in sparsely populated regions of
the Southwest and contributed to
economies
Found work harvesting crops ion TX and
CA
Smaller number worked factories and
farms in North and Midwest
KKK-KU KLUX KLAN
Targeted African Americans,
Catholics, Immigrants,
Jews, and suspected
radicals
Revived in 1915 from
original KKK after Civil War
to terrorize African
Americans who sought to
vote
Burned crosses, boycotted
businesses, and terrorized
citizens in the darkness of
night
Wore masks, waved flags,
preached hate and followed
leaders-Grand Dragon and
Imperial Wizard
KLANSWOMEN ON PARADE, 1928
FOUNDED IN THE RECONSTRUCTION ERA, THE KU KLUX KLAN
ENJOYED A REMARKABLE RESURGENCE IN THE 1920S. HERE
WOMEN MEMBERS, UNMASKED AND UNAPOLOGETIC, MARCH DOWN
P E N N S Y LVA N I A AV E N U E U N D E R T H E S H A D O W O F T H E C A P I T O L
DOME.
ANTI-KKK
NAACP and the Jewish
Anti-Defamation
League
Embraced idea of
racial, ethnic, religious,
and cultural diversity
Focused on positive
aspect of “melting pot”
Eventually, KKL never
disappeared, but lost
importance
PROHIBITION
18 th amendment– prohibited the
manufacture, sale and transportation of
alcoholic beverages on the U.S.
Volstead Act-officially enforced the
amendment
Supporters “drys” argued that alcohol was the
root of many problems
Speakeasies-clubs or bars where liquor was
sold illegally
bootlegging-illegal sale or distribution of
alcohol
NO MORE MOONSHINE
F E D E R A L A G E N T S G L O AT O V E R A C A P T U R E D S T I L L I N D AY T O N , O H I O , I N
1930. “MOONSHINERS,” OR MAKERS OF ILLEGAL LIQUOR, ENJOYED A
BOOM DURING PROHIBITION, THOUGH ZEALOUS G -MEN (GOVERNMENT
AGENTS) PUT THE OWNER OF THIS MAKESHIFT DISTILLERY OUT OF
B U S I N E S S — AT L E A S T T E M P O R A R I LY.
GANGSTER AL CAPONE FISHING IN FLORIDA
CAPONE MAY HAVE LOOKED LIKE ANY CHICAGO BUSINESSMAN ON VACATION, BUT HIS
BUSINESS WAS BIGGER AND NASTIER THAN MOST, AS HE OFTEN ELIMINATE D HIS
COMPETITION BY MURDER. HE WAS REPORTED AS SAYING, “EVERYBODY CAL LS ME A
RACKETEER. I CALL MYSELF A BUSINESSMAN. W HEN I SELL LIQUOR, IT’S BOOTLEGGING.
WHEN MY PATRONS SERVE IT ON A SILVER TRAY ON LAKE SHORE DRIVE, I T’S HOSPITALITY.”
HE WAS FINALLY JAILED IN 1932 FOR FALSIFYING HIS INCOME TAX RETU RNS.
CRIME
Al Capone- Gangster who controlled Chicago
with his small army of mobsters
Sold alcohol
Carried out violence against rival gangs
Elliot Ness- Led group called the
Untouchables
Carried out raids against bootlegging
Responsible for the conviction and arrest of Al
Capone
21 ST AMENDMENT
Repealed the 18 th amendment
Selling, manufacturing, and consuming of
alcohol legal again