Transcript 7.1 Study Guide

Agenda – 1/25/11
• Stamp 7.1 & Section Assessment
• Go over both
• Start 7.2
A Clash of Values
• Nativism Resurges – During the 1920’s,
anti-immigrant and racist feelings
increased
– what was nativism? (p.179)
• A preference for native-born people
7.1 Study Guide
1. In the early 1920s, many Americans saw the
millions of immigrants as a threat to stability
and order and to the four million recently
demobilized service men and women
searching for work in an economy with soaring
unemployment and rising prices.
2. As anti-immigration fever rose, nativists
emboldened their arguments against
immigration with eugenics, a pseudo-science
that emphasized that human inequalities were
inherited and warned against breeding the
“unfit” or “inferior”.
7.1 Study Guide
3. This science fueled the nativists'
argument for the superiority of the
"original" American stock— white
Protestants of Northern European
descent.
Controlling Immigration
• Fearing new Immigrants, the federal government
enacted several laws to limit immigration
“The hardest quota cases were those that
separated families. When part of the family had
been born in a country with a quota still open,
while the other part had been born in a country
whose quota was exhausted, the law let in the
first part and deported the other part. Mothers
were torn from children, husbands from wives.
The law came down like a sword between
them.”
—quoted in Ellis Island: Echoes from a Nation’s
Past
4. According to the 1921 Emergency Quota Act,
only 3 percent of the total number of people in
any ethnic group already living in the United
States, as indicated in the 1910 census could
be admitted in a single year.
5. The 1924 National Origins Act tightened the
quota system, setting quotas at 2 percent of
each national group residing in the country in
1890.
6. The immigration acts of 1921 and 1924 greatly
reduced the available labor pool in the United
States.
Examples of the Quota Acts
• 1921 Emergency Quota Act (3% of 1910)
– 10,000 Polish Immigrants living in US in 1910
• In 1921 only 300 new immigrants would be
allowed into US from Poland
• 1924 National Origins Act (2% of 1890)
– 6,000 Polish Immigrants living in US in 1890
• In 1924 only 120 new immigrants would be
allowed into US from Poland
The New Morality
• An emphasis on youth and personal
freedom led to a more relaxed moral
attitude.
– New morality included:
• Women in the workforce,
• women going to college
• the automobile – which allowed young people to
go out with their friends and find privacy away from
home
7.1 Study Guide
7. Many groups that wanted to restrict
immigration also feared the "new morality" that
glorified youth and personal freedom.
8. The flapper personified women’s changing
behavior in the 1920s.
9. While flappers pursued social freedoms, other
women sought financial independence by
entering the workforce.
Flappers doing the Charleston
The Fundamentalist Movement
• Fundamentalists promoted the authority of
the Bible and defended the Protestant
faith.
7.1 Study Guide
10. To many Americans, the modern consumer
culture, relaxed ethics, and growing urbanism
symbolized America's moral decline.
11. Fundamentalists focused on defending the
Protestant faith against ideas that implied that
human beings derived their moral behavior
from society and nature, not God.
12. Evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson
conducted her revivals and faith healings in
Los Angeles in a flamboyant theatrical style.
Prohibition
• Congress passed the 18th Amendment and
the Volstead Act to prohibit alcohol, but the
laws largely failed to create positive social
change.
• The Volstead Act was passed along with
the 18th to give the Treasury Department
the responsibility to enforce the 18th
Amendment.
7.1 Study Guide
13. Many people believed the prohibition of
alcohol would help reduce
unemployment, domestic violence,
and poverty.
14. The Eighteenth Amendment specifically
granted the federal government, as well
as the state governments, the power to
enforce prohibition.
Section Assessment – p.413
#1 - Vocab
• Anarchist – people who oppose all forms of government
• eugenics – false science that deals with improving
heredity
• Flapper – young, dramatic, stylish, unconventional
woman who personified women’s changing behavior in
the 1920s.
• Evolution – Darwin’s idea that humans developed from
lower life forms
• Creationism – the belief that God created the world as
described in the Bible
• Police powers – a gov’t’s power to control people and
property in the interest of public safety.
• Speakeasy – secret bars where people could purchase
liquor
Section Assessment – p.413
#2 – People and Terms
• Ku Klux Klan (KKK) – a group targeting African
Americans, Catholics, Jews, immigrants and
others believed to represent “un-American”
values
• Emergency Quota Act – established a
temporary quota system, limiting immigration in
1921
• Fundamentalism – a religious movement
embraced by many people in rural, small towns
who were afraid that the country was losing its
moral values.
Section Assessment – p.413
3. The 18th was appealed because people
recognized that it was not successful.
4. With the passage of the 18th and the Volstead
Act the government’s role changed as it
obtained police powers to enforce the law.
5. Immigrants from Mexico were not included in
the quota system set by the immigration acts
because they provided cheap labor in the US.
Section Assessment – p.413
#6
Act
Provisions
1921 Emergency Quota Limited the number of
Act
immigrants to 3% of the
existing immigrant
population based on the
1910 census
1924 National Origins Limited the number of
Act
immigrants to 2% of the
existing immigrant
population based on the
1890 census
Section Assessment – p.413
7. The barrels of alcohol were destroyed in
public in order to intimidate people, with
the hope that it would make them fearful
and submissive in the face of federal
authority.