Transcript War of 1812 and Nationalism
War of 1812 and Upsurge of Nationalism
Theme:
The American effort in the War of 1812 was plagued by poor strategy, political divisions, and increasingly aggressive British power. Nevertheless, the United States escaped with a stalemated peace settlement, and soon turned its isolationist back to the Atlantic European world.
Theme:
The aftermath of the War of 1812 produced a strong surge of American nationalism that was reflected in economics, law, and foreign policy. The rising nationalistic spirit and sense of political unity was, however, threatened by the first severe sectional dispute over slavery.
Theme:
Chief Justice John Marshall’s Supreme Court strengthened the federal government by supporting a “loose construction” of the Constitution, asserting the federal judiciary’s power over state courts, and enforcing economic provisions ,in the Constitution (interstate commerce, sanctity of contracts).
I. War of 1812
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Characteristics Canadian front a.
Failed Canadian Invasions, 1812-1813
b.
Constitution
c.
O. H. Perry New York front a.
Tom Macdonough at Plattsburgh Chesapeake front a.
Francis Scott Key New Orleans front a.
Andrew Jackson b.
Treaty of Ghent Federalist Front a.
Hartford Convention b.
sectionalism
II. Era of Good Feelings
i A.
B.
James Monroe Revolutionary War Veteran C.
D.
E.
Impact of the War 1.
Nascent Nationalism a.
b.
Decline of dependence GB Westward expansion c.
Political optimism Clay’s American System 1.
2.
3.
Tariff of 1816 a.
b.
20-25% (protective trend) Sectional debate 2 nd BUS-Jeffersonians!
Internal Improvements a.
Calhoun’s Bill, 1817 b.
Erie Canal, 1826 Election of Monroe, 1816 Panic of 1819 1.
2.
Overspeculation BUS v. “wildcat” banks Relection of Monroe, 1820
Era of Good Feeling?
Tariff
Issue Favor
West
Oppose
North/South Internal improvements paid for by Feds BUS or “expensive $” West North North/South West/South Control the Indians and sale public lands Panic of 1819 Slavery West/South North Western hostility toward Northern Banks Increased sectionalism between North and South
North
VT (1791) Growing West
West
KY (1792) TE (1796) OH (1803) IN (1816) IL (1818)
South
LA (1812) MS (1817) AL (1819)
III. Missouri Compromise
A.
B.
Missouri Compromise 1.
Issues: maintain sectional balance a.
Tallmadge Amendment: no more slaves 2.
3.
Provisions a.
b.
Maine free and Missouri slave 36’30’ Legacy of Compromise Marshall Court, 1801-1835 1.
2.
3.
4.
Fletcher v. Peck (1810) Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
IV. Foreign Policy
A.
Treaties
1. Rush-Bagot Treaty, 1817 2. Treaty of 1818 3. FL Purchase Treaty, 1819 B.
Monroe Doctrine
1. Latin American Revolutions 2. Anglo-American Alliance 3. Message to Congress: Hands Off Europe!
4. Significance
U.S., 1821
Treaty of 1818: Oregon Treaty of 1818: 49th Rush-Bagot Treaty, 1817 Treaty of 1818: fishing FL Purchase Treaty, 1819 •Spain cedes Fl to US •US out Spanish America •Spanish out of OR
Map Questions
Use the maps and charts in Chapter 12 to answer the following questions (answers are on next slide) 1.
2.
Near which two Great Lakes were the major battles related to the American invasions of Canada fought?
What were the only two states that voted contrary to the general trend of their section in the election of 1812? (i.e. North vs. South)?
For the following questions use map on page 247.
1.
After the Missouri Compromise of 1820, only two organized territories of the United States remained eligible to join the Union as slave states. Which were they?
2.
As of 1821, how many slave states had been carved out of the territory of the Louisiana Purchase?
3.
4.
After Maine was admitted as a free state in 1820, how many
organized
territories were there north of the 36 °30’ – that is, the border between the slave and free territories?
As of 1821, which five slave states were north of the 36 °30’ that was intended to be the future northern limit of slavery?
For the following questions use maps on page 250-1 1.
Under the British-American boundary settlement of 1818, which nation gained the most territory (compared with the natural Missouri River watershed boundary)?
2.
Which organized American territory lay immediately north of West FL?
Map Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Lake Erie and Lake Ontario Vermont (north) and Maryland (south) Florida and Arkansas Two: Louisiana and Missouri Only 1: Michigan Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri The U.S.
Mississippi