Medical Terminology for Health Professions Ann Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder

7th Edition

The Endocrine System

Chapter 13

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Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Endocrine System

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Structures of the Endocrine System

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Endocrine System

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Adrenal Glands

• Primary Function – Regulate electrolyte levels – Influence metabolism – Respond to stress • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – adren/o

(continues)

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Adrenal Glands

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Gonads*

• Primary Function – regulate development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – gonad/o *Males: testicles (2) *Females: ovaries (2) © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Secondary Sex Characteristics

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Male Testicles (Testes)

• Primary Function – Sperm-producing gland • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – testic/o © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Female Ovaries

• Primary Function – Ova (egg) producing gland • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – ovari/o © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Pancreatic Islets

• Primary Function – Control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – pancreat/o © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

The Pancreas

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Parathyroid Glands

• Primary Function – Regulate calcium levels throughout the body • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – parathyroid/o © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Parathyroid Glands

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Pineal Gland

• Primary Function – Influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – pineal/o © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Pineal Gland

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Pituitary Gland

• Primary Function – Secretes hormones that control the activity of the other endocrine glands • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – pituit/o, pituitar/o

(continues)

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Pituitary Gland

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Thymus

• Primary Function – Plays a major role in the immune reaction • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – thym/o © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Thyroid Gland

• Primary Function – Stimulates metabolism, growth, and the activity of the nervous system • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – thyr/o, thyroid/o © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Diabetic Retinopathy

Click Here to play Diabetic Retinopathy animation © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Key Word Parts and Definitions

•

acr/o

– extremities (hands and feet), top, extreme point •

adren/o

– adrenal glands •

crin/o

– secrete • -

dipsia

– thirst

(continues)

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

•

glyc/o

– glucose, sugar • •

gonad/o

– gonad, sex glands • -

ism

– condition, state of

pancreat/o

– pancreas

(continues)

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• • • •

parathyroid/o

– parathyroid glands

pineal/o

– pineal gland

pituitar/o

– pituitary gland

poly

– many

(continues)

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• • •

somat/o

– body

thym/o

– thymus gland

thyr/o, thyroid/o

– thyroid gland © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Questions

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Question

In which organ is insulin produced?

a. the pancreas b. the kidney c. the liver © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Answer

a. the pancreas

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Question

The thyroid cartilage when enlarged is commonly known as an “Adam’s Apple.” True or False?

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Answer

True.

The thyroid gland is located just below the thyroid cartilage.

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Question

Hyperglycemia

is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood.

True or False?

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Answer

False. Hypoglycemia

is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood.

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Question

Which of these is the form in which the liver stores excess blood sugar?

a. glucose b. glycogen c. glucagon © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Answer

b. glycogen

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Answers to Learning Exercises

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Chapter 13 Answers

Matching Word Parts 1

13.1.

adren/o

13.2.

acr/o

13.3.

gonad/o

13.4.

-dipsia

13.5.

crin/o

Matching Word Parts 2

13.6. -

ism

13.7.

pancreat/o

13.8.

parathyroid/o

13.9.

pineal/o

13.10.

pituitar/o

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Chapter 13 Answers

Matching Word Parts 3

13.11.

somat/o

13.12.

poly-

13.13.

glyc/o

13.14.

thyroid/o

13.15.

thym/o

Definitions

13.16.

luteinizing

13.17.

pituitary

13.18.

adrenocorticotropic

13.19.

thymus

13.20.

calcitonin

13.21.

adrenal cortex

13.22.

glucagon

13.23.

adrenal medulla

13.24.

oxytocin

13.25.

testosterone

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Chapter 13 Answers

Matching Structures

13.26.

pancreatic islets

13.27.

pituitary gland

13.28.

pineal gland

13.29.

adrenal glands

13.30.

thyroid gland

Which Word?

13.31.

acromegaly

13.32.

anterior

13.33.

insulin resistance

13.34.

diabetes insipidus

13.35.

Cushing’s syndrome

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Chapter 13 Answers

Spelling Counts

13.36.

luteinizing

13.37.

mellitus

13.38.

myxedema

13.39.

progesterone

13.40.

thymosin

Abbreviation Identification

13.41.

adrenocorticotropic hormone

13.42.

antidiuretic hormone

13.43.

diabetes mellitus

13.44.

fasting blood sugar

13.45.

follicle-stimulating hormone

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Chapter 13 Answers

Term Selection

13.46.

thyroid storm

13.47.

hypercalcemia

13.48.

parathyroid

13.49.

prolactinoma

13.50.

fructosamine

Sentence Completion

13.51.

electrolytes

13.52.

thyroxine

13.53.

retinopathy

13.54.

polyphagia

13.55.

exophthalmos

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Chapter 13 Answers

Word Surgery

13.56.

hyper-, pituitar, -ism

13.57.

hypo-, glyc, -emia

13.58.

hyper-, insulin, -ism

13.59.

gynec/o, mast, -ia

13.60.

hypo-, calc, -emia

True/False

13.61.

False

13.62.

True

13.63.

False

13.64.

False

13.65.

True

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Chapter 13 Answers

Clinical Conditions

13.66.

antidiuretic

13.67.

13.68.

polydipsia Addison’s disease

13.69.

13.70.

insulinoma Hashimoto’s disease

13.71.

anabolic

13.72.

leptin

13.73.

cretinism

13.74.

gigantism

13.75.

pancreatectomy

Which Is the Correct Medical Term?

13.76.

neurohormones

13.77.

pituitary adenoma

13.78.

Graves’

13.79.

diabetic coma

13.80.

melatonin

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Chapter 13 Answers

Challenge Word Building

13.81.

adrenopathy

13.82.

endocrinology

13.83.

adrenomegaly

13.84.

thymopathy

13.85.

thyroiditis

13.86.

pancreatotomy

13.87.

thyroidotomy

13.88.

pinealopathy

13.89.

insulinemia

13.90.

adrenitis

Labeling Exercises

13.91.

13.96.

pineal

13.92.

parathyroid

13.93.

thymus

13.94.

ovaries

13.95. hypothalamus

pituitary

13.97.

thyroid

13.98.

adrenal

13.99

. pancreatic

13.100.

testicles

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