Transcript Derivatives of words-Prefixes,Suffixes, and Inflections
Dr. Kumar Gautam Anand
Derivatives of words
New words are formed when a letter or group of letters are added to a primary word either in the beginning or at the end.
The letter/group of letters added to the beginning of a word is called prefix and that added to the end is called suffix Inflection- change in form to show its grammatical function, number
Prefix
Anti- anti-social, anti-septic Be- behead, beloved, befriend Co- cooperation, co-exist,co-author De- decode, deforest, dehydrate Dis- disorder, dislike Em- empower, embolden En- endanger, enlist, enjoy Extra- extra-curricular, extraordinary
Fore- forecast, foretell, foresee Hyper- hypersensitive, hypertension Inter- inter-college, inter-university Ill/il- illegible, illegal, ill-bread Im- impossible, immature, In- indiscipline, inefficient Ir- irregular, irreversible, irrational Mini- mini-bus non- non-violence, non-stop
Out- outlet, outlive, outshine Pre- premarital, preoccupied, pre-planned Pro- pro-establishment, pro-active Re- recall, remix, reload Semi-semifinal, semi-circular Super- superman, superpower Ultra- ultra-modern, ultra-violet Un- unnatural, undress Under- underworld, underestimate Vice- vice-president, vice-chancellor
Suffix
-Able -age -al -ance -ed -ee -ence -er eatable, tolerable, memorable bondage, pilgrimage, personage mechanical, refusal, cultural governance, arrogance aimed, drained addressee, payee reverence, negligence, excellence remover, joker, cricketer
-eer -en -ess -ful -hood -ible -ic -ify ing -ion engineer, volunteer, auctioneer shorten, lengthen, harden tigress, happiness, poetess joyful, handful neighborhood, boyhood negligible, sensible poetic, scenic, heroic rectify, beautify, qualify leveling, modeling action, situation, solution
-ish -ism -ist -ity -ive -ize -less -like -ly -ment boyish, modish, feverish idealism, socialist, leftist, moralist superiority, totality, vitality creative, preservative minimize, dehumanize luckless, faithless, homeless godlike, businesslike, childlike safely, quickly, dearly allotment, appointment
-ment allotment, appointment -ness kindness, goodness, fitness -or -ous -ry protector, inspector glorious, virtuous, machinery, jewelery -ship -th -wise -worthy hardship, friendship growth, warmth clockwise, otherwise, name-wise praiseworthy, roadworthy, trustworthy
Formation of Adjective, Nouns and Verbs
-y
-ly -ish -like -some -worthy -able/ible
Air-airy, hair-hairy, fire-fiery, mud-muddy
Week-weekly, elder-elderly, hour-hourly, month-monthly Boy-boyish, child-childish, snob-snobbish War-warlike, lady- ladylike Handsome, tiresome, wholesome Trustworthy, airworthy,noteworthy Advise-advisable, sense-sensible
-ous
-al -ary/ar -en
Space-spacious, vigor-vigorous, office-officious
Ancestor-ancestral, colony colonial, finance-financial Table-tabular, muscle-muscular, staion-stationary Length-lengthen, short-shorten, hero-heroic
Formation of Nouns
-hood
-ship --dom -ness -t/th -er/ar/or -ist/ian
Childhood,
Relation-relationship, friend-friendship Wise-wisdom, king-kingdom Good-goodness, holy-holyness Wide-width, broad-breadth Govern-governor, donate-donor Politician, cycle-cyclist
-eer/ee
-ment -tion/sion -ance/ence
Refuge-refugee, racket-racketeer
Amusement,resentment Solution, permission Enter-entrance, excel- excellence, -ial/al -age Bury-burial, try-trial, form-formal Store-storage, pass-passage -ity/ty -acy/cy Poor-poverty, pure-purity Accuracy, vacancy Miscellaneous Advise(v)-advice(n), bear-birth, believe belief Strive-strife Know-knowledge
Verbs
-en
-fy/ify -ise -ate -en/im/em -De/dis
Hard-harden, soft-soften, strength-strengthen
Pure-purify, terror-terrify, intense-intensify Sympathize, equal-equalize, apology-apologise origin-originate, table-tabulate, motive-motivate Circle-encircle, bitter-embitter, peril-imperil Face-deface, fame-defame
Compound words
Class+ room- classroom Air+ lines- airlines Camera + man- cameraman Washer + man- washerman