Dr. Kumar Gautam Anand

Derivatives of words

 New words are formed when a letter or group of letters are added to a primary word either in the beginning or at the end.

 The letter/group of letters added to the beginning of a word is called prefix and that added to the end is called suffix  Inflection- change in form to show its grammatical function, number

Prefix

 Anti- anti-social, anti-septic  Be- behead, beloved, befriend  Co- cooperation, co-exist,co-author  De- decode, deforest, dehydrate  Dis- disorder, dislike  Em- empower, embolden  En- endanger, enlist, enjoy  Extra- extra-curricular, extraordinary

 Fore- forecast, foretell, foresee  Hyper- hypersensitive, hypertension  Inter- inter-college, inter-university  Ill/il- illegible, illegal, ill-bread  Im- impossible, immature,  In- indiscipline, inefficient  Ir- irregular, irreversible, irrational  Mini- mini-bus  non- non-violence, non-stop

Out- outlet, outlive, outshine Pre- premarital, preoccupied, pre-planned Pro- pro-establishment, pro-active Re- recall, remix, reload Semi-semifinal, semi-circular Super- superman, superpower Ultra- ultra-modern, ultra-violet Un- unnatural, undress Under- underworld, underestimate Vice- vice-president, vice-chancellor

Suffix

 -Able  -age  -al  -ance  -ed  -ee  -ence  -er eatable, tolerable, memorable bondage, pilgrimage, personage mechanical, refusal, cultural governance, arrogance aimed, drained addressee, payee reverence, negligence, excellence remover, joker, cricketer

-eer -en -ess -ful -hood -ible -ic -ify ing -ion engineer, volunteer, auctioneer shorten, lengthen, harden tigress, happiness, poetess joyful, handful neighborhood, boyhood negligible, sensible poetic, scenic, heroic rectify, beautify, qualify leveling, modeling action, situation, solution

-ish -ism -ist -ity -ive -ize -less -like -ly -ment boyish, modish, feverish idealism, socialist, leftist, moralist superiority, totality, vitality creative, preservative minimize, dehumanize luckless, faithless, homeless godlike, businesslike, childlike safely, quickly, dearly allotment, appointment

-ment allotment, appointment -ness kindness, goodness, fitness -or -ous -ry protector, inspector glorious, virtuous, machinery, jewelery -ship -th -wise -worthy hardship, friendship growth, warmth clockwise, otherwise, name-wise praiseworthy, roadworthy, trustworthy

Formation of Adjective, Nouns and Verbs

-y

-ly -ish -like -some -worthy -able/ible

Air-airy, hair-hairy, fire-fiery, mud-muddy

Week-weekly, elder-elderly, hour-hourly, month-monthly Boy-boyish, child-childish, snob-snobbish War-warlike, lady- ladylike Handsome, tiresome, wholesome Trustworthy, airworthy,noteworthy Advise-advisable, sense-sensible

-ous

-al -ary/ar -en

Space-spacious, vigor-vigorous, office-officious

Ancestor-ancestral, colony colonial, finance-financial Table-tabular, muscle-muscular, staion-stationary Length-lengthen, short-shorten, hero-heroic

Formation of Nouns

-hood

-ship --dom -ness -t/th -er/ar/or -ist/ian

Childhood,

Relation-relationship, friend-friendship Wise-wisdom, king-kingdom Good-goodness, holy-holyness Wide-width, broad-breadth Govern-governor, donate-donor Politician, cycle-cyclist

-eer/ee

-ment -tion/sion -ance/ence

Refuge-refugee, racket-racketeer

Amusement,resentment Solution, permission Enter-entrance, excel- excellence, -ial/al -age Bury-burial, try-trial, form-formal Store-storage, pass-passage -ity/ty -acy/cy Poor-poverty, pure-purity Accuracy, vacancy Miscellaneous Advise(v)-advice(n), bear-birth, believe belief Strive-strife Know-knowledge

Verbs

-en

-fy/ify -ise -ate -en/im/em -De/dis

Hard-harden, soft-soften, strength-strengthen

Pure-purify, terror-terrify, intense-intensify Sympathize, equal-equalize, apology-apologise origin-originate, table-tabulate, motive-motivate Circle-encircle, bitter-embitter, peril-imperil Face-deface, fame-defame

Compound words

 Class+ room- classroom  Air+ lines- airlines  Camera + man- cameraman  Washer + man- washerman