Transcript Example: C 3 H 7 Cl

1H
NMR Interpretation
Using the NMR Mosaic
Each peak represents a
fragment of the molecule
Peak carries three critical pieces of
information
– Integration: how many hydrogens on that
fragment
– Chemical shift: functional group on or next to
the fragment
– Multiplicity: how many next-door hydrogens
Integration
• RELATIVE number of hydrogens
• Measure rise of line over peak
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In
C DC l 3
1 .2
C3H7Cl
1 .1
1 .0
0 .9
0 .8
0 .7
0 .6
0 .5
0 .4
0 .3
0 .2
0 .1
0 .0
-0 .1
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
©
AL L
2H
2 .0
1 .5
1 .0
Si g m a - Al d r i c h C o .
R I GHT S R E SE R VE D
2H
3H
Chemical Shifts
•Functional groups on or next to fragment
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
OH, NH
Alkene
Carboxylic acid hydrogen
Adjacent to Oxygen
Adjacent to Cl, Br, I
Aldehyde hydrogen
Adjacent to double bond
Alkane-like
Aromatic
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
© S ig m a -A ld ric h C o .
A L L R IG H T S R E S E R V E D
4
3
2
1
Chemical Shifts
C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1 .2
1 .1
Next to Cl
1 .0
Alkane-like
0 .9
0 .8
0 .7
0 .6
0 .5
0 .4
0 .3
0 .2
0 .1
0 .0
-0 .1
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1 .5
1 .0
Multiplicity (Splitting)
• NEIGHBOR hydrogens = number of peaks -1
Multiplicity (Splitting)
3 peaks (triplet)
2 neighbor H’s
(probably CH2)
3 peaks (triplet)
2 neighbor H’s
(CH2)
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1 .2
1 .1
1 .0
0 .9
6 peaks (hextet)
5 H’s
(CH3 & CH2)
0 .8
0 .7
0 .6
0 .5
0 .4
0 .3
0 .2
0 .1
0 .0
-0 .1
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1 .5
1 .0
Create Molecule: Put pieces together
C3H7Cl
Peak is a CH3
-No Functional Group
-Next to CH2
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1 .2
1 .1
Peak is a CH2
-Next to Cl
-Next to CH2
1 .0
0 .9
0 .8
0 .7
0 .6
0 .5
Peak is a CH2
-No Funct. Grp.
-Next to CH2
-Next to CH3
0 .4
0 .3
0 .2
0 .1
0 .0
-0 .1
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1 .5
1 .0
The NMR Mosaic can help
• Reminds you to use integration AND
chemical shift AND multiplicity
• Helps you visualize how the pieces fit
together
• Helps you recognize mistakes in
interpretation
• Helps you interpret complex splitting
Steps for Solving 1H NMR Spectra
1. Calculate integration for each peak
a. #H = peak integration x (total # H’s / total integration)
b. Smallest peak is often 1H
c. Peaks ~1d are often 3H (methyl)
2. Determine number of adjacent hydrogens from splitting
- Number of peaks = n+1, where n = number of adjacent
hydrogens
- Attach appropriate static cling(s)
3. Determine presence of functional group(s)
- Attach functional group static cling(s)
- Choose functional group Mosaic piece(s)
Calculate # H’s for each peak
C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1 .2
1 .1
1 .0
0 .9
0 .8
0 .7
0 .6
0 .5
0 .4
0 .3
0 .2
0 .1
0 .0
-0 .1
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1 .5
1 .0
Calculate # H’s for each peak
C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1 .2
1 .1
1 .0
0 .9
0 .8
0 .7
0 .6
0 .5
0 .4
0 .3
0 .2
0 .1
0 .0
-0 .1
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
1 .5
1 .0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
2H
2H
3H
Make NMR Mosaic Pieces: C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1.2
1.1
1.0
H
|
─C─
|
H
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1.5
1.0
Make NMR Mosaic Pieces: C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1.2
1.1
1.0
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1.5
1.0
Make NMR Mosaic Pieces: C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
Funct. Grp.
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1.5
1.0
Make NMR Mosaic Pieces: C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1.2
1.1
1.0
Funct. Grp.
XCH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1.5
1.0
Make NMR Mosaic Pieces: C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1.2
1.1
1.0
Funct. Grp.
XCH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
0.9
H
|
─C─
|
H
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1.5
1.0
Make NMR Mosaic Pieces: C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1.2
1.1
1.0
Funct. Grp.
XCH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH3
0.9
H
|
─C─
|
H
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1.5
1.0
Make NMR Mosaic Pieces: C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1.2
1.1
XCH2
Funct. Grp.
1.0
H
|
─C─
|
H
0.9
CH3
H
|
─C─
|
H
0.8
CH2
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1.5
1.0
Make NMR Mosaic Pieces: C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
XCH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
1.2
CH3
H
|
─C─
|
H
1.1
H
|
H─C─
|
H
1.0
0.9
0.8
CH2
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1.5
1.0
Make NMR Mosaic Pieces: C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
XCH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
1.2
CH3
H
|
─C─
|
H
H
|
H─C─
|
H
1.1
CH2
1.0
0.9
0.8
CH2
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1.5
1.0
Fit pieces together
Alkene
H
CH
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH2
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
H
|
H─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH2
CH
CH2
CH3
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH
3
CH
H
|
─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
Funct. Grp.
Error.
CH3
Great!
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
─O ─
Funct. Grp.
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
Errors.
H
|
─C─
|
H
Great!
CH
Make NMR Mosaic Pieces: C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1.2
1.1
CH3
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH2
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
1.0
Funct. Grp.
CH2
X-
H
|
H─C─
|
H
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
1-chloropropane
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1.5
1.0
C6H12O2
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
I n C D C l3
1 .0 0
0 .7 5
0 .5 0
0 .2 5
0 .0 0
5 .5
5 .0
4 .5
4 .0
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Sig m a - A ld r ic h C o .
A L L R I G H T S R E SE R V E D
1 .5
1 .0
0 .5
0 .0
C6H12O2
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
I n C D C l3
1 .0 0
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH
0 .7 5
0 .5 0
─O ─
0 .2 5
0 .0 0
5 .5
5 .0
4 .5
4 .0
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Sig m a - A ld r ic h C o .
A L L R I G H T S R E SE R V E D
1 .5
1 .0
0 .5
0 .0
C6H12O2
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
I n C D C l3
O
||
─C─
CH
1 .0 0
0 .7 5
H
|
H─C─
|
H
─O ─
Funct. Grp.
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
H
0 .5 0
0 .2 5
0 .0 0
5 .5
5 .0
4 .5
4 .0
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Sig m a - A ld r ic h C o .
A L L R I G H T S R E SE R V E D
1 .5
1 .0
0 .5
0 .0
C6H12O2
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
I n C D C l3
O
||
─C─
CH
1 .0 0
0 .7 5
H
|
H─C─
|
H
─O ─
Funct. Grp.
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
H
0 .5 0
CH3
0 .2 5
CH3
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
0 .0 0
5 .5
5 .0
4 .5
4 .0
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Sig m a - A ld r ic h C o .
A L L R I G H T S R E SE R V E D
1 .5
1 .0
0 .5
0 .0
C6H12O2
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
I n C D C l3
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
H
O
||
─C─
CH
H
|
H─C─
|
H
CH
1 .0 0
H
|
H─C─
|
H
─O ─
Funct. Grp.
0 .7 5
CH3
CH
0 .5 0
0 .2 5
CH3
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
|
H─C─
|
H
0 .0 0
5 .5
5 .0
4 .5
4 .0
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Sig m a - A ld r ic h C o .
A L L R I G H T S R E SE R V E D
1 .5
1 .0
0 .5
0 .0
C6H12O2: Isobutyl acetate
|
─C─
|
CH
I n C D C l3
CH2
CH3
CH3
1 .0 0
H
|
H─C─
|
H
CH
|
─C─
|
H
CH
─O ─
3H0 0 M H z ¹H HN M R
H
|
H─C─
|
H
O
||
─C─
Funct. Grp.
H
|
H─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
Must Watch Chemical Shifts!
0 .7 5
0 .5 0
0 .2 5
0 .0 0
5 .5
5 .0
4 .5
4 .0
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Sig m a - A ld r ic h C o .
A L L R I G H T S R E SE R V E D
1 .5
1 .0
0 .5
0 .0
C7H14O2
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© S ig m a-A ld ric h C o .
A L L R IG H TS R E S E R V E D
1.5
1.0
0.5
C7H14O2
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
1.00
─O ─
0.75
CH3
CH3
0.50
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
0.25
0.00
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© S ig m a-A ld ric h C o .
A L L R IG H TS R E S E R V E D
1.5
1.0
0.5
C7H14O2
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
O
||
─C─
─O ─
1.00
0.75
H
|
─C─
|
H
0.50
Funct. Grp.
CH2
CH3
CH3
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
0.25
0.00
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© S ig m a-A ld ric h C o .
A L L R IG H TS R E S E R V E D
1.5
1.0
0.5
C7H14O2
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
O
||
─C─
CH2
CH3
CH3
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
H
|
─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
─O ─
1.00
CH3
H
|
─C─
|
H
0.75
CH2
0.50
0.25
0.00
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© S ig m a-A ld ric h C o .
A L L R IG H TS R E S E R V E D
1.5
1.0
0.5
C7H14O2
H
|
H─C─
|
H
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
CH
H
|
H─C─
|
H
CH
(2 of these)
O
||
─C─
CH2
CH3
CH3
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
H
|
─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
─O ─
1.00
CH3
H
|
─C─
|
H
0.75
CH2
0.50
0.25
0.00
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© S ig m a-A ld ric h C o .
A L L R IG H TS R E S E R V E D
1.5
1.0
0.5
C7H14O2
H
|
H─C─
|
H
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
CH
H
|
H─C─
|
H
CH
(2 of these)
O
||
─C─
CH2
CH3
CH3
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
H
|
─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
─O ─
1.00
CH3
H
|
─C─
|
H
H
|
H─C─
|
H
CH2
CH2
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© S ig m a-A ld ric h C o .
A L L R IG H TS R E S E R V E D
1.5
1.0
0.5
C7H14O2: Isopropyl butyrate
H
|
H─C─
|
H
CH
Funct. Grp.
CH
─O ─
H
|
─C─
|
CH2
H
O
3| 0 0 M H z ¹H|| N M R
In C D C l3
─C─
─C─
|
H
CH3
CH2
H
|
H─C─
|
H
CH3
H
|
─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
CH2
CH3
H
|
H─C─
|
H
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© S ig m a-A ld ric h C o .
A L L R IG H TS R E S E R V E D
1.5
1.0
0.5
C6H11O2Cl
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
I n C D C l3
1 .0 0
0 .7 5
0 .5 0
0 .2 5
0 .0 0
4 .5
4 .0
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Sig m a - A ld r ic h C o .
A L L R I G H T S R E SE R V E D
1 .5
1 .0
0 .5
C6H12O2Cl
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
I n C D C l3
─O ─
1 .0 0
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
H
0 .7 5
CH3
0 .5 0
0 .2 5
0 .0 0
4 .5
4 .0
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Sig m a - A ld r ic h C o .
A L L R I G H T S R E SE R V E D
1 .5
1 .0
0 .5
C6H12O2Cl
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
X-
I n C D C l3
─O ─
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH2
CH3
Funct. Grp.
1 .0 0
H
|
─C─
|
H
0 .7 5
0 .5 0
0 .2 5
0 .0 0
4 .5
4 .0
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Sig m a - A ld r ic h C o .
A L L R I G H T S R E SE R V E D
1 .5
1 .0
0 .5
C6H12O2Cl
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
X-
I n C D C l3
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH3
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
1 .0 0
Funct. Grp.
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
─O ─
0 .7 5
0 .5 0
0 .2 5
0 .0 0
4 .5
4 .0
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Sig m a - A ld r ic h C o .
A L L R I G H T S R E SE R V E D
1 .5
1 .0
0 .5
C6H12O2Cl
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
X-
I n C D C l3
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH3
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
1 .0 0
Funct. Grp.
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
─O ─
0 .7 5
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH2
0 .5 0
0 .2 5
0 .0 0
4 .5
4 .0
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Sig m a - A ld r ic h C o .
A L L R I G H T S R E SE R V E D
1 .5
1 .0
0 .5
C6H12O2Cl
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
X-
I n C D C l3
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH3
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
1 .0 0
Funct. Grp.
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
─O ─
0 .7 5
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH2
H
|
H─C─
|
H
CH2
0 .5 0
0 .2 5
0 .0 0
4 .5
4 .0
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Sig m a - A ld r ic h C o .
A L L R I G H T S R E SE R V E D
1 .5
1 .0
0 .5
C6H12O2Cl: Ethyl 4-chlorobutyrate
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
CH2
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
X-
H
|
─C─
|
H
─O ─
O
||
─C─
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH2
Funct. Grp.
CH3
H
|
H─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
I n C D C l3
1 .0 0
0 .7 5
0 .5 0
0 .2 5
0 .0 0
4 .5
4 .0
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© Sig m a - A ld r ic h C o .
A L L R I G H T S R E SE R V E D
1 .5
1 .0
0 .5
NMR Mosaic Simplifies
Interpretation of Complex
Multiplets
• Adjoining pieces specify connectivity
• Interpretation is no longer “impossible”
Example: C4H9Cl
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© S ig m a-A ld ric h C o .
A LL R IG H TS R ES ER V ED
1.5
1.0
0.5
Example: C4H9Cl
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
1.00
X0.75
CH3
CH2
0.50
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
0.25
0.00
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© S ig m a-A ld ric h C o .
A LL R IG H TS R ES ER V ED
1.5
1.0
0.5
Example: C4H9Cl
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
1.00
X-
H
|
─C─
|
H
Undetermined
Splitting
CH3
CH2
0.50
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
0.75
0.25
0.00
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© S ig m a-A ld ric h C o .
A LL R IG H TS R ES ER V ED
1.5
1.0
0.5
Example: C4H9Cl
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
CH
1.00
X-
H
|
─C─
|
H
0.75
0.50
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
Undetermined
Splitting
CH3
CH2
H
|
H─C─
|
H
0.25
0.00
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© S ig m a-A ld ric h C o .
A LL R IG H TS R ES ER V ED
1.5
1.0
0.5
Example: C4H9Cl
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
CH
1.00
H
|
H─C─
|
H
X-
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH2
0.75
0.50
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
Undetermined
Splitting
CH3
CH2
H
|
H─C─
|
H
0.25
0.00
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© S ig m a-A ld ric h C o .
A LL R IG H TS R ES ER V ED
1.5
1.0
0.5
Example: C4H9Cl
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
1.00
CH
H
|
H─C─
|
H
0.75
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH3
CH2
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
CH2
X-
H
|
H─C─
|
H
0.50
Undetermined
Splitting
0.25
0.00
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© S ig m a-A ld ric h C o .
A LL R IG H TS R ES ER V ED
1.5
1.0
0.5
Example: C4H9Cl
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
2-chlorobutane
CH2
Funct. Grp.
H
|
─C─
|
CH
0.75
CH
CH3
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH3
CH2
X-
H
|
H─C─
|
H
1.00
H
|
H─C─
|
H
0.50
0.25
0.00
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© S ig m a-A ld ric h C o .
A LL R IG H TS R ES ER V ED
1.5
1.0
0.5
NMR Mosaic Helps You
Catch Mistakes
• Mosaic pieces no longer match
• Focus students on incorrectly interpreted
peaks
Example: C3H7Cl
3 0 0 M H z ¹H N M R
In C D C l3
1 .2
C3H7Cl
H
|
─C─
CH2
|
H
Funct. Grp.
1 .1
CH3
H
|
─C─
|
H
H
|
H─C─
|
H
CH3
CH2
1 .0
0 .9
0 .8
0 .7
X-
0 .6
Incorrect piece
as an example
0 .5
0 .4
0 .3
0 .2
0 .1
0 .0
-0 .1
3 .5
3 .0
2 .5
2 .0
© S ig m a -A ld ric h C o .
A L L R IG H T S R E S E R V E D
1 .5
1 .0
Example: C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1.2
CH2
CH3
H
|
─C─
|
H
Incorrect Match
CH3
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
1.0
X-
H
|
H─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
1.1
0.9
0.8
↑
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1.5
1.0
Example: C3H7Cl
300 MHz ¹ H NMR
In C DC l 3
1.2
CH2
CH3
H
|
─C─
|
H
CH2
CH2
H
|
─C─
|
H
1.0
X-
H
|
H─C─
|
H
Funct. Grp.
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
Corrected Piece
Matches
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
© Si g m a -Al d ri c h C o .
AL L R IGHT S R E SE R VE D
1.5
1.0
Steps for Solving 1H NMR Spectra
1. Calculate integration for each peak
2. For each peak:
•Choose correct base Mosaic piece based on integration
- Determine number of adjacent hydrogens from
splitting and add static cling tab(s) to base piece
- Determine presence of functional group(s)
- Add functional group static cling(s)
- Choose appropriate functional group Mosaic
piece(s)
3. Put Mosaic pieces together, making sure all colors match and
all functional group chemical shifts match.