Transcript pptx
RFID and NFC Jovan Attisha, Ben Burgess, Albert Yerman 1 What is RFID? 1. Radio Frequency Identification System 2. Cheap and widely used a. Access control i. Passports ii. Public Transit b. Advertising c. Commerce d. Animal tags http://www.finance.umich.edu/system/files/natalieemcard.jpg http://www.swhouse.com/ImagesDocDb/RM-seriesreaders_p2_07_na_k.jpg 2 RFID Readers 1. Reader transmits an interrogator signal to energize passive tags or wake active tags 2. Frequency of the signal varies based on application 3 RFID Tags 1. Tags can be either active or passive a. Active tags have a their own power source b. Passive tags inductively couple to the reader to power themselves 2. Range varies between different tags and frequency bands a. Active tags can reach up to 100m b. Passive tags are limited to around 1m http://www.tutorialsweb.com/rfid/rfid-1.gif 4 RFID Tag Circuit Diagram http://www.tutorialsweb.com/rfid/rfid-1.gif 5 RFID Frequencies Frequency 120-150 kHz 13.56 MHz 433 MHz Range 10 cm 10 cm - 1 m 1 - 100 m Data Speed ~10 kbit/s ~1000 kbit/s 1-50 mbit/s Cost Per Tag $1 $0.50 - $5 $5 6 RFID Tag Collisions 1. Occurs when multiple keys energized at one time a. Example - cornhole 2. Many systems used to isolate tags 3. Solution a. Reader recognized collision b. Sends wait pulse c. Tags consult random counter to determine delay to respond 7 RFID Example - Access Control 1. 125 kHz carrier 2. Relatively slow handshake 8 Memory “Blocks” Most cards are either 1KB or 4KB of memory Memory is arranged in “blocks” of 16 bytes 1KB cards have 16 sectors with 4 blocks/sector Each card has a 4 byte NUID to identify that card Useful for many tags and one reader 9 Memory “Blocks” cont. Each block is Readable and Writeable with exception of “sector trailer” Top “sector trailer” block of each sector holds encryption info Allows for secure close-contact use (locks, payment, etc.) 10 Project Recommendations RFID Module - SM130 MIFARE (13.56 MHz) Communicates over I2C and UART 4 GPIO Datasheet $29.95 RFID Tag - Adhesive MIFARE Classic 1KB 13.56 MHz $2.95 https://www.sparkfun.com/products/11319 https://www.sparkfun.com/products/10126 11 Commands for SM130 https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/ID/SM130.pdf 12 UART Transaction for SM130 https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/ID/SM130.pdf 13 What is NFC? 1. Near-Field Communication 2. Subset of RFID a. Uses 13.56 MHz frequency b. A more well defined standard than RFID c. NFC device can be a reader or a tag d. Used to securely transmit data (range < 20 cm) 3. Standardization helps project integration a. Any modern smartphone uses it b. Anyone can just take phone and use your project http://tappinn.com/images/main2011/buy-nfc-tag-stickers-small.jpg 14 NFC Everywhere 1. Apple Pay, Samsung Pay a. Emulate “smart credit cards” 2. 3. 4. 5. Smartphones Wearables Disney MagicBand Home security http://retail-innovation.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/disney-rfidwristband.jpg a. Smart Locks 15 NFC Peer to Peer Communication Sets NFC apart from typical RFID (tag can be reader/reader can be tag) Data rates between 106 kbit/s - 424 kbit/s http://1u88jj3r4db2x4txp44yqfj1.wpengine.netdnacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/paypal-nfc1.jpg Compared to Bluetooth: Lower setup cost Lower power 16 Summary RFID Many uses and frequencies, no one standard Reader and tag separate Tag can be active or passive Wide range of purposes NFC Many growing uses 17 QUESTIONS 18