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Education at a Glance 2015
Estonia
Soumaya Maghnouj
Release date:
24 November 2015
1
Education at a Glance 2015
• The 25th edition of Education at a Glance
• Authoritative source for information on the state of
education around the world.
• Published only few weeks after adoption of the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
• Internationally comparable statistics
How does Estonia compare to other OECD
and partner countries?
Education in Estonia starts early
and is mainly offered in public
institutions
Some 87 % of 3-year-olds are enrolled in pre-primary
education
Chart C2.1.
Enrolment rates at age 3 and 4 in early childhood education (2013)
Enrolment rates at age 3 in pre-primary education (ISC 02)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Enrolment rates at age 4 (ISC 02 +ISC 1)
Large proportions of children are enrolled in public preprimary schools in Estonia
Percentage of pupils enrolled in public institutions in early childhood education (2013)
%
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Chart C2.3.
Information and communications technology
is changing the learning experience
in Estonia…
but teachers feel underprepared
to use ICT in the classroom
Studens in Estonia access the internet at an early age
Chart D8.1.
How old were 15 year-olds students when they first accessed the Internet? (PISA 2012)
6 years old or younger
10-12 years old
7-9 years old
13 years old or older
Netherlands
Denmark
Israel
Norway
Sweden
Hong Kong (China)
Estonia
New Zealand
Iceland
Finland
Australia
Singapore
Spain
OECD average
Belgium
Liechtenstein
Slovenia
Chile
Latvia
Korea
Chinese Taipei
Portugal
Macao (China)
Uruguay
Costa Rica
Hungary
Jordan
Switzerland
Poland
Shanghai (China)
Austria
Croatia
Italy
Germany
Czech Republic
Ireland
Japan
Mexico
Turkey
Greece
Slovak Republic
Serbia
Russian Federation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Boys in Estonia perform better in digital reading than
paper reading
Chart D8.3
Mean score-point difference between paper-and-pencil and computer-delivered reading test1 (PISA 2012). 15-year-old students, by gender
Mean score-point
difference
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
- 10
- 15
- 20
- 25
- 30
- 35
Boys
Girls
Almost one in four teachers in Estonia feels a need for
further training in how to use ICT in the classroom
Chart D8.4
Percentage of lower secondary education teachers who report having a high level of need for professional development to improve their ICT skills for teaching
%
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
The teaching profession is experiencing
a generational turnover….
…which makes the need to attract and
retain talented young professionals
more important than ever
Estonia is experiencing a generational turnover in the
teaching profession
Chart D5.2
Age distribution of teachers in upper secondary education (2013)
< 30 years
30-39 years
≥ 50 years
40-49 years
%
China
Indonesia
Brazil
Canada
Korea
Portugal
United Kingdom
Ireland
Poland
Luxembourg
Chile
Belgium
Hungary
United States
Japan
Slovenia
Spain
Israel
France
OECD average
EU21 average
Colombia
Slovak Republic
Greece
Switzerland
Austria
Sweden
Finland
New Zealand
Germany
Czech Republic
Norway
Latvia
Estonia
Netherlands
Italy
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Between 2000 and 2013, Estonia experienced the highest
increase in teachers' salaries in real terms
Index of change between 2000 and 2013 (2005 = 100, constant prices), for teachers with 15 years of experience and typical qualifications
2013
Index of
change
2005 = 100
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
2000
Chart D3.3.
Estonia is among countries with flat or compressed salary
scale
Chart D3.2.
Annual statutory salaries of lower secondary teachers in public institutions, in equivalent USD converted using PPPs at different points in their c
areers (2013)
Equivalent USD
converted
using PPPs
140 000
120 000
100 000
80 000
60 000
40 000
20 000
0
Starting salary/typical qualifications
Salary after 15 years of experience/typical qualifications
Salary at top of scale/maximum qualifications
While the expenditure
per students increased over time,
Estonia experienced the largest fall of
public expenditure on education
as a share of GDP
Expenditure per student increased between 2005 and 2012
Chart B1.4.
Annual expenditure per student by educational institutions in 2012 related to change since 2005. Primary, secondary,
and post-secondary non-tertiary education
Annual expenditure per student
(2012, USD)
Primary, secondary, and post-secondary non-tertiary education
16,000.00
OECD average
CHE
15,000.00
NOR
14,000.00
13,000.00
USA
12,000.00
11,000.00
10,000.00
ISL
ITA
9,000.00
UKM
FRA
SWE
NLD
BEL
CAN
OECD average
ESP
SVN
POL
POR
7,000.00
6,000.00
5,000.00
KOR
AUS
JPN FIN
8,000.00
IRE
CZE
EST
HUN
4,000.00
RUS
ISR
SVK
CHL
MEX
3,000.00
TUR
R² = 0.2984
2,000.00
1,000.00
,0.00
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Change in expenditure per student between 2005 and 2012 (%)
70
80
Estonia experienced the highest decrease of public
expenditure on educational institutions
Chart B2.4.
Index of change between 2010 and 2012 in expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP from primary to tertiary institutions.
Change in public expenditure on educational institutions
Index of change (2010=100)
Change in Gross Domestic Product
Change in public expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
Estonia
Hungary
Portugal
Spain
Australia
Norway
Canada
Italy
United States
Poland
Slovak Republic
EU21 average
France
Germany
Slovenia
OECD average
Ireland
Mexico
Sweden
Iceland
Japan
Netherlands
Finland
Korea
Belgium
Switzerland
Brazil
Czech Republic
Russian Federation
Israel
Turkey
Chile
80
Estonia has historically high attainment of
tertiary education
Estonia has historically high attainment of tertiary
education
Percentage of younger and older tertiary-educated adults (2014)
%
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
- 10
Proportion of the 25-34 year-old population with tertiary education
Proportion of the 55-64 year-old population with tertiary education
Chart A1.2.
One in two students in Estonia who graduated with a
doctorate earned it in either science or engineering
Percentage of students who graduate from sciences and engineering at doctoral level (2013)
Sciences
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Engineering, Manufacturing & Construction
Chart A3.4.
Estonia has historically high attainment of
tertiary education
….but earnings premium are low
Earnings premium of tertiary educated individual in
Estonia are low
Relative earnings for adults with tertiary education (upper secondary = 100)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Chart A6.2.
a
The earnings advantages are largest in countries with a
small share of tertiary-educated people
Chart A6.4.
%
60
Population with tertiary education
Canada6
50
40
30
OECD average
Relative earnings of tertiary-educated workers and their share in the population (2013)
Israel
Luxembourg1
Korea
United States
United
Kingdom7
Australia6 Finland6
Norway
Ireland3
Switzerland1
Sweden
Estonia1
Belgium1
Denmark
New Zealand
Spain6
Netherlands2,4
OECD average
France5
Austria
Slovenia
Greece
Japan2,6
Poland2,6
Portugal
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
20
Italy5
OECD average
Hungary
Colombia
Chile2,5
Mexico2,6
Turkey3
Brazil
10
Relative earnings
Downward mobility in Estonia prevail over upward
mobility
Intergenerational mobility in education (2012)
Downward mobility (lower educational attainment than the highest level reached by parents)
Upward mobility to upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education
%
Upward mobility to tertiary education
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
16
30
10
20
10
0
22
Chart A4.1.
Estonia has historically high attainment of
tertiary education
….but low proficiency levels in ICT skills
ICT skills profeciency is low in Estonia
Chart A5.5.
Percentage of adults with good information and communication technologies and problem-solving skills, by selected industry (2012)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Human health and social work activities
Manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Education
Vocational education at attracts
less students in Estonia
compared to EU average
More than six in ten students are enrolled in general
programmes
Distribution of 15-19 year-olds enrolled in upper secondary education, by programme orientation (2013)
General programmes
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Vocational programmes
Chart C1.2.
Wide earnings gap between
men and women
Women are more likely than men to be enrolled in tertiary
education
Percentage of 25-34 year-olds who have attained tertiary education, by gender (2014)
%
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Men
Women
Chart A10.1
Tetriary-educated women's salaries are lagging behind
their men counterparts
Chart A10.6
.
Earnings of 35-44 year-olds tertiary-educated women as a percentage of the earnings of men of the same age and educational attainment (201
3 or most recent year available)
%
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
Education at a Glance 2015
http://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance-19991487.htm
www.oecd.org/edu
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