Transcript Calvin Cycle Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
STAGES
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Stages of Photosynthesis:
i.
Absorb light energy (via pigments)
ii. Convert light energy  chemical energy
iii. Convert chemical energy  organic
compounds
CARBON DIOXIDE
FIXATION
CO2 Fixation: the transfer of carbon dioxide to
organic compounds, such as glucose
aka. Light Independent Reactions or Calvin
Cycle
Calvin Cycle- most common method of CO2
Fixation.
• A series of enzyme-assisted chemical
reactions produce a 3- carbon sugar.
LIGHT INDEPENDENT
REACTIONS
Do these reactions occur in the daylight, night,
or both?
Input (s):
Output (s):
STEPS OF CALVIN
CYCLE
1. CO2 is added to a 5-C compound via enzyme
RuBisCO to make a 6-C compound.
2. The resulting 6-C compound splits into two 3- C
compounds; phosphates from ATP and
electrons from NADPH are added.
3. One of the 3-C compounds is used to make
C6H12O6, a sugar to store energy for plant.
4. The other 3-C compound gets recycled back
into the mix to keep cycle going.
+ 5 carbon compound
+ 5 carbon compound
RuBi
RuBi
sCO
sCO
Unstable 6 carbon
Unstable 6 carbon
compound
compound
3 carbon simple
3 carbon simple
sugar (recycled)
sugar (recycled)
organic
organic
compounds:
compounds:
sucrose, starch
sucrose, starch
CARBOHYDRATE TERMS
Monosaccharide: monomer of a carbohydrate
• Example: Glucose
Disaccharide: polymer of a carbohydrate
• Example: Sucrose
Polysaccharide: polymer of carbohydrate
• Example: Cellulose,
CARBOHYDRATES
• Composed of C, H and O
atoms
• Ratio of carbohydrates is 1C:
2H: 1O
Monomer
Glucose
- Single ring
Polymer
Sucrose
- two or more rings
DEHYDRATION
SYNTHESIS
HYDROLYSIS
+ H2O