Transcript Freud PowerPoint

Sigmund Freud on Personality
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Some rules:
– No judging or evaluating
until all theories are
presented
– Consider the man and his
theories in their historical
context
– Consider all of the ideas
that have arisen to
support or refute his
theories
– Consider that many
things attributed to Freud
are not his original ideas
at all
I. Background
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Born in Moravia 1856, moved to Austria
Education/training
– Medical school, neurologist
– Influenced by:
Jean Charcot - hypnosis treatment of
conversion hysteria
Josef Breuer - “talking cure”
Victorian Europe
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Social Darwinism
– Evolution of humans
expressed through
rational thought and
little influence of
instinctual, animalistic
urges.
– Conversion hysteria is
just a symbolic
representation of
repressed urges or
conflicts.
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Reactions to Freud
– Sexuality as central drive is
shocking and disgusting to
most
– Freud’s ideas were ignored,
ridiculed, and in some cases
his writings were destroyed
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Weakness in Darwin
– Only identified and labeled
behavior, did not explain
behavior
– If all behavior is rooted in
physiology and instincts, why
is there such a variety, and
why is there abnormal
behavior?
Freud’s Methods
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Psychoanalysis - all behavior is motivated!
Go back to the beginning
Repression
Dream analysis, free association,
hypnosis
The Three-Part Structure of
the Mind
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Id
– Ruled by the “pleasure
principle”
– Source of all mental
energy, fuels ego and
superego
– Operates on an
unconscious, irrational
level
Structure of the Mind, contd.
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Ego
– Governed by the
“reality principle”
– Tries to satisfy the
Id’s urges in
socially acceptable
ways
– Operates in both
the conscious and
unconscious levels
Structure of the Mind, contd.
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Superego
– The
embodiment of
familial and
cultural values
– Introduces a
conscience
– Operates largely
in the
unconscious
Structures of the Mind, contd.
The Id says:
“Do it now!”
 The Superego says:
“Never do it!”
o The Ego tries to
mediate.
o The Ego serves 3
masters:
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• Id, Superego, Reality
Levels of Consciousness
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Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
– “Freudian slips”
– “Slips of the
tongue”
A made-up example of Freudian Slips
My Dear Son,
The news of your engagment came as a delightful
surprise. Naturally we are very peased at the resluts of
your efforts. When must we meet the fair lady again?
She seemed just to divine when we saw her at your New
Year’s petty. Richmond is such a long way - I hope you
won’t be going to Vaginia so often that you have no time
left for studies.
We love forward to the future knowing that I have not
lost a sun, but a daughter.
Conratulations,
Mother
More fun with Freudian slips
Freudian slip
Psychosexual Development
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General Points
– Freud’s medical training
– Changes in distribution of sexual energy,
called libido, in regions of the body called
erogenous zones
– Fixation - the tendency to engage in behaviors
associated with that stage. The ego is an
army, must leave troops stationed behind,
thus weakening the overall strength of the
army (the ego).
The Oral Stage
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The mouth is the
primary erogenous
zone (birth - 1 yr)
Early Oral (birth - 8m)
– Gratification from
feeding, sucking,
swallowing
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Late Oral (8m - 1 yr)
– Pleasure from biting
and chewing (teething)
The Oral Stage, contd.
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Fixations in the Oral
Stage
– Early Oral
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Desire to acquire
knowledge, preference
for soft, milky foods,
dependency, gullible,
“will swallow anything”
– Late Oral
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Chews pencils, straws,
cigarette smoking,
sarcastic, “biting”
comments
The Anal Stage
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Self-control and
mastery over one’s
environment
Pleasure region is
the anus (1 - 3 yrs)
Early Anal (1-2 yrs)
– Delight in defecation
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Late Anal (2-3 yrs)
– Retention of feces
The Anal Stage, contd.
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Fixations in the
Anal Stage
– Anal Expulsive
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Messiness,
destructiveness,
cruelty
– Anal Retentive
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Compulsive
orderliness,
fussiness
The Phallic Stage
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Shift in focus from anus to genitals (3 - 5
yrs)
Sexual longings for parents are
intensified, expressed in 2 ways:
– Fantasies during masturbation
– Alternation of love and rebellion
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Both boys and girls enter stage with
strong bonds to Mom due to her being the
source of all good things (nourishment,
dry diapers, affection, etc.)
Oedipus Complex
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Love of Mother
“Castration
anxiety”
Identify with
Father to defend
against anxiety
Develops a
superego
The Oedipal Complex
The Electra Complex
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“Penis Envy”
– Mom & Dad fight, Daddy
castrated Mommy, which is
why Mom bleeds
– Mom got angry with
daughter, castrated her
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Daughter does not love
Mom, but Dad
Realizes she won’t get
penis back, identifies with
Mom
Develops superego from
Mom
The Latency Stage
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Phallic stage was so traumatic,
child’s psychosexual development
takes a break until puberty
Child solidifies the superego
The Genital Stage
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Gratification from
genital stimulation
Seeks new object
of affection
“Object finding is
object refinding”
Criticisms of Freud
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Psychoanalytic theory & concepts are
vague and not operationally defined
Theory is good history, but bad science does not reliably predict what will occur
Theories were developed from speculation
based on clinical experience with patients
in therapy for serious problems
Developmental theory was not based upon
observations or studies of children
Theory minimizes traumatic experiences by
reinterpreting memories as fantasies
It is male centered