Transcript HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL ERD PILOT EVALUATION

Highly Successful ERD Pilot Evaluation
Utilizing a Simple Additive Delivery Approach
Kent C. Armstrong – BioStryke® Remediation Products, LLC
P.O. Box 254, Andover, NH USA; Brampton, Ontario CDN
James Romeo PG – Partner Engineering & Science, Inc.
Altamonte Springs, Florida
International Petroleum Environmental Conference
Denver, Colorado November 2015
Project Background
 Stennis Space Center (SSC), Hancock County, Mississippi
 Southern Edge of the Gulf Coastal Plain
 Approximately 55 miles NE of New Orleans, Louisiana
 Approximately 36 miles West of Biloxi, Mississippi
 Historical equipment cleaning and disposal practices
contributed to groundwater contamination at SSC
 10 Contaminant-of-Concern (COC) Trichloroethylene (TCE)
 Concentrations of [TCE] exceeding compliance standards
detected at 5-separate locations
 Performed on-site PRS Based and microcosm evaluations
Project Background
 Evaluations to determine efficacy and feasibility of
biostimulation as a residual source mass site strategy
 [TCE] at depths ranging from 7 to over 90-ft bgs
 Four Pump-and-Treat (P&T) systems currently operating
 NASA estimates cleanup timelines to exceed 20-years
 P&T systems currently reaching asymptotic conditions
 Unable to remove remaining residual contaminant mass
effectively
 Recent independent evaluations determined little to no-effect
over last 5-years of operations
 NASA and independent consultant believe both cleanup
duration and costs of current P&T grossly underestimated
Pro’s & Con’s of Bioremediation
 Inappropriate without Physical Removal
 Pooled DNAPL Source Zone
 Time is of the essence
 Appropriate with Remedial Design Considerations
 Heterogeneous matrix, silty/clay soil, fractured bedrock
 Residual DNAPL, cVOC and non-cVOC mixture
 Highly aerobic overburden
 Ideal Situation
 Accessible impact zone
 Time constraints minimal
 Homogeneous stratigraphic conditions
Benefits to Biostimulation
minimize the impact of remediation
 Nourishes, stimulates native microbial populations
 Eliminates above ground support equipment
 Minimizes off-site removal, fuel and energy costs
 Eliminates nuisance noise, emissions and vapors
 Expedites residual source mass solubilization
 Increases contaminant bioavailability
 Facilitates cost-effective Long-Term Compliance
cVOC Biotransformation Pathway
Evaluation Objectives
Field Evaluation
 NASA and independent consultant (ITB, Inc.) desire alternative
remedial strategy to optimize current cleanup strategies at SSC
 Conduct field based biostimulation demonstration
 Utilize additive filled Passive Release Sock (PRS) deployment units
 Amended Area D Water Bearing Unit 3 (WBZ 3)
 Utilized Monitoring Well 06-12MW
 4-inch OD test well; depth to water ≈27ft
 Total depth of well ≈92-ft w/10-ft
screened interval at bottom
 Determine potential for native microbial
populations to degrade TCE effectively
 Data gathered assists other NASA sites
Evaluation Objectives
Microcosm Evaluation
 Performed independent microcosm evaluation (CB&I)
 Confirm field results supported by laboratory results
 Compare two additives efficacy as sole electron donor
 Included augmentation and amendment addition
 Compared ERDENHANCED™ to Lactate
 Each microcosm started with additive
concentration of 1.35 g/L
 Augmented with SDC-9 Dehalococcoides sp.
at 1 x 107 cells/ml
 Site groundwater spiked with ≈45 mg/L [TCE]
 10-day evaluation period
Pilot Study Microcosm Evaluation
ERDENHANCED®
NASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
•
Evaluation performed by CB&I, Lawrenceville, NJ
Pilot Study Microcosm Evaluation One
ERDENHANCED™
NASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
Lactate amended microcosm realized:
Lactate
µg/L
50000
45000
•
≈97.8%REDUCTION by day-10
•
An increase to 17,000 ug/L [cis-DCE]
by day-7; followed by,
•
19.0%REDUCTION [cis-DCE] from peak
bioavailability at evaluation end
•
Increases in [VC] start at day-7 with
continued upward trend at
evaluation end
•
Increases in [VC] without reduction
may result in 20 contaminant and
compliance issues
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Day 1
Day 3
TCE
Day 5
DCE
Day 7
Day 10
VC
Lactate did not yield complete
biotransformation during evaluation period
Pilot Study Microcosm Evaluation
ERDENHANCED™
NASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
Over 10-day microcosm study
ERDENHANCED™
50,000
µg/L
45,000
•
BioStryke® ERDENHANCED® realized:
•
>99.99% REDUCTION [TCE] by day 5
•
Overall >93.3% reduction in [cis-DCE]
40,000
35,000
30,000
•
Initial 2,300% increase at day 5
25,000
•
>71% than lactate microcosm
20,000
•
>99.7% reduction from peak
bioavailability at evaluation end
15,000
10,000
•
A four order-of-magnitude increase
[VC] at day-7 of the evaluation
•
>99.99% reduction in [VC] at day-10
•
Complete parent destruction with
twice the daughter production and
subsequent complete destruction
5,000
0
Day 1
Day 3
Day 5
TCE
DCE
Day 7
Day 10
VC
BioStryke® Faster, Safer Biotransformation
of cVOC contaminants
Evaluation Objectives
Field Evaluation
 NASA and independent consultant (ITB, Inc.) desire alternative
remedial strategy to optimize current cleanup strategies at SSC
 Conduct field based biostimulation demonstration
 Utilize additive filled Passive Release Sock (PRS) deployment units
 Amended Area D Water Bearing Unit 3 (WBZ 3)
 Utilized Monitoring Well 06-12MW
 4-inch OD test well; depth to water ≈27ft
 Total depth of well ≈92-ft w/10-ft
screened interval at bottom
 Determine potential for native microbial
populations to degrade TCE effectively
 Data gathered assists other NASA sites
Site Plan – Area D
Direction of GW
Background Conditions
Stennis Space Station Area D: 06-12MW
 Deep Groundwater Bearing Unit
 Historical non-compliant [TCE]
Well-ID
 Ranging from >50 ug/L to ≈2,000 ug/L
 Asymptotic over time
 Indicative of residual source mass

Limited daughter production
 No [Vinyl chloride] or [Ethene]
recorded over entire period
 P&T systems effectiveness limited
 In terms of performance
 In terms of long-term cost
06-12MW
Date
[TCE]
[cis-DCE]
[VC]
2007
69
12
ND
2008
1,201
233
ND
2009
186
16
ND
2010
1,259
177
ND
2011
1,893
331
ND
2012
1,017
99
ND
2013
154
13
ND
5
70
2
MCL (µg/L)
PRS Evaluation Process
Determine Additive Efficacy Under Real Biogeochemical
Conditions
 Low-Risk, Low-Cost alternative to lab based evaluations
 Performed under actual Site biogeochemical conditions
 Utilize Passive Release Sock (PRS) deployment units
 Provides Representative ‘Go-no-Go’ on-Site Evaluation
 Baseline & Performance Monitoring/Sampling
 PRS replacement events every 6-8 weeks
 7 replacement events over 15 month evaluation
 Performance sample collection/analysis each event
 Non-purge, low-flow sampling protocols
 Field indicator parameters monitored and
recorded each replacement event
 ORP, DO, pH, Temp, Cond; NO3, SO4, diss. Mn/Fe
Ethane, Methane, Ethene, and Contaminants of Concern
Well with
deployed PRS
Ground
surface

Groundwater Flow Direction
Additive slowly dissolves into casing volume of test well
PRS unit acts as a wicking agent to manage additive delivery
Pilot Study Program
Benefits - Limitations
 Confirm Additive Efficacy prior to Full-Scale Commitment
 Non-Scalable, PRS Pilot Study Generates Limited AOI
 Typically < 2 meters
 Confirms presence/absence dehalorespiring bacteria
 Easily combined with BioTrap® and/or other evaluation tools
 Utilizes casing volume of well as ‘laboratory microsm’
 Non-purge sampling otherwise skews results
 Removes amended groundwater
 Removes enhanced microbial populations
 Helps identify presence/absence of residual mass and,
provides go no-go based results
ERDENHANCED™ PRS Pilot Study
NASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
Changes in concentrations of cVOC contaminants
MW-06-12
Moles/L
P:D Ratio
800.00
100.00
700.00
50.00
600.00
0.00
Final PRS
Deployment
500.00
-50.00
400.00
-100.00
300.00
 Overall 94.8%REDUCTION [TCE]
over 15-month evaluation
 >99.99% continuous
reductions in [TCE] from
months T7-T10
 Overall 79.3%REDUCTION [cisDCE] over 15-month
evaluation
Initial 85.7% reduction at
month 4
>1,530% increase by month 8
-150.00
200.00
-200.00
100.00
0.00
-250.00
[TCE]
[cis-DCE]
ORP
 >91.1%REDUCTION [CIS-DCE]
from peak bioavailability at
end
 Consistent decrease in ORP
values (from +69 to -191mV)
 No [VC] or [Ethene]
recorded
ERDENHANCED™ PRS Pilot Study
NASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
NASA ERDenhanced™ Field Evaluation Results
06-12 MW
6.00E-03
80.0%
 As TCE molecules are respired,
moles TCE drop 100% in ≈8
mos.
70.0%
5.00E-03
60.0%
4.00E-03
50.0%
3.00E-03
 Similarly, moles DCE drop 86%
in ≈4 months; afterwards,
 >1,500% increase moles DCE
next 4 months
40.0%
30.0%
2.00E-03
20.0%
Final PRS Deployment
1.00E-03
10.0%
0.00E+00
0.0%
Moles TCE
Moles DCE
P:D Ratio
Linear (P:D Ratio)
 Moles DCE decrease 91% from
peak bioavailability
 Overall molar decrease
 TCE 94.8%
 DCE 79.3%
 Parent Daughter Ratio
Confirms biotransformation of
cVOC contaminants
Contaminant Reduction but NO Destruction?
The importance of molar comparisons
%Moles TCE vs. Sulfate and [TCE]
1,200,000
300
Potential Start of Biotic Activity
1,000,000
800,000
250
200
Period of No Biotransformation of Parent TCE Contaminant
600,000
400,000
150
Parent Daughter Ratio
No Change in P:D Ration
Regardless of [SO4] or [TCE]
200,000
100
50
0
0
[TCE]
P:D Ratio
Sulfate
ERDENHANCED™ PRS Pilot Study
NASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
Geochemistry; 20 lines of evidence supporting
biotic reductive dechlorination
mg/L
MW-06-12
mV
120000
1400
1200
100000
1000
80000
800
60000
600
400
40000
200
20000
0
0
-200
1-Jul-13 1-Aug-13 1-Sep-13 1-Oct-13 1-Nov-13 1-Dec-13 1-Jan-14 1-Feb-14 1-Mar-14 1-Apr-14 1-May-14 1-Jun-14
Diss Fe
ORP
Diss Mn
• 4 Order-of-Magnitude
increase in [dissolved Fe]
• >98.3% decrease [diss. Fe]
from peak availability
• >3,000% increase [dissolved
Manganese] at month
• >85.7% decrease [diss. Mn]
by evaluation end
• 30,000% increase [Sulfate]
by month 6; complete
depletion by end of
evaluation period
• Sustained decrease in ORP,
general increases
[Methane]
Conclusions
 ERDENHANCED® amended microcosm superior performance
 Field evaluation data supported complete cVOC biotransformation
 Demonstrated biostimulation cost-effective strategy
 PRS study proved effective as ‘Go no-Go’ evaluation process
 Site currently undergoing additional characterization
 2016 proposed on-site treatability evaluation
 DPT injection of ERDenhanced about performance well
 Confirm subsurface distribution capabilities
 Determine transferability of PRS and Microcosm studies
 From results of Treatability evaluation determine
full-scale loading and site requirements
 Current estimations place biostimulation capable of obtaining
sustainable reducing conditions and 3-5 year compliance timeline
Thank You
?? Questions ??
BioStryke Remediation Products, LLC
P.O. Box 254, Andover NH
www.biostryke.com
603.731.3159
[email protected]