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Chapter 30 First Aid for Colleges and Universities 10th Edition Vehicle Stabilization and Extrication Slide Presentation prepared by Randall Benner, M.Ed., NREMT-P © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives • Discuss how to locate all victims of a vehicle accident. • Discuss how to deal with dangers at the scene of a vehicle accident. • Describe how to stabilize a vehicle. • List the basic tools and equipment needed to rescue a victim from a vehicle. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives • Describe how to gain access to a victim who is trapped in a vehicle. • Describe and demonstrate how to stabilize a victim trapped in a vehicle. • Describe and demonstrate how to remove a victim who is lying on the seat of a vehicle. • Describe and demonstrate how to remove a victim who is lying on the floor of a vehicle. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Introduction • Extrication is the process of removing a victim from a dangerous situation, typically from inside a wrecked vehicle. • Most often, EMS and the fire department (FD) perform extrications. • If EMS or FD have not arrived and the victim is in peril, the First Aider must think and act quickly to get inside the vehicle and save the victim. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Basic Guidelines • First priority is to secure your own safety so that you can perform your duties • You must ensure that – – – – You can safely reach the victim You can render first aid care You can move supplies or equipment You can safely enlist the help of others without risk to anyone © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Basic Guidelines • Usually the victim can and should remain their vehicle • If danger is present, follow these steps – – – – Control hazards, stabilize the scene Gain access to the victim safely Perform life-saving skills Remain with the victim until EMS arrives • If the victim should be moved from the vehicle, consider the following factors – Your strength, the victim’s size and condition, the availability of others to help © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Basic Guidelines • Deciding to stop at the scene – If you’re not directly involved in an accident, there is no legal obligation to stop. – Some people regard stopping to offer help a moral obligation. – Don’t stop if police, fire, or emergency personnel are already on scene. – First thing you should do if alone is call 911. – Assess the scene, stabilize vehicles, render any care that you are trained for and capable of doing. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Basic Guidelines • Keeping yourself safe – Park well off the road. – Position markers, flashers and/or flares around vehicles. – Ensure all bystanders are safe. – Be careful to not accidentally ignite any spilled gasoline or other flammable fluids. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Basic Guidelines • Locating all victims – Care for any victims found immediately. – If multiple victims are present, provide early triage. – Attempt to locate others. • • • • Ask coherent passengers if others were present. Ask witnesses if anyone left the scene. Search all around vehicles in high-impact collisions. Look for tracks in the dirt or snow possibly indicating someone has wandered away. • Check for evidence in the vehicle of multiple victims (e.g., baby seat, multiple jackets, personal items, etc.). © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Basic Guidelines • Dealing with dangers – Ensure that vehicle engines are turned off. – Move injured victims before attempting to extinguish any fires. – If victims are trapped, deal with fires first. – If electrical wires are down, remain clear of them. – Instruct victims to stay in car if electrical wires are in contact with their vehicle. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Basic Guidelines • Stabilizing the vehicle – Determine the need for vehicle stabilization. – Ensure the gear selector is in park, block tires. – If airbags are not deployed, remove negative battery cable. • Tools and equipment – Carry an assortment of hand tools in your vehicle (hammer, screwdriver, pliers, shovel, chisel, crowbar, car jack, rope or chain, gloves). © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Gaining Access to the Victim • Attempt first to use the vehicle doors. • If locked, instruct a conscious victim inside to unlock them. • If victim is unconscious, break a side window. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Stabilizing and Moving the Victim • Basic procedures – Conduct a primary survey of the victims. – Stabilize threats to the airway, breathing, and circulation. – If the victim must be removed, provide immobilization as best possible. – Monitor the victim until EMS arrives. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Stabilizing and Moving the Victim • Removing a victim from the seat – Maintain stabilization of spine. – Apply an improvised or rigid cervical collar. – Instruct other rescuers to keep the victim's head and body aligned. – Use a backboard if available and you’re trained in its use. – Secure the victim to the backboard. – Remove the victim from the car to a safe location. – Continue to care for and monitor the victim until EMS arrives. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Stabilizing and Moving the Victim • Moving the victim onto a backboard © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Stabilizing and Moving the Victim • Removing a victim lying on the floor – Place the backboard on the seat. – Keep the victim’s head and body aligned. – With additional help, lift the victim by grasping their clothing at the waist, hips, and thighs. – Lift the victim carefully to a supine position on the backboard. – Secure the victim and remove them from the car to a safe location. – Continue to care for and monitor the victim until EMS arrives. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Removing a Victim From the Seat © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Summary • The First Aider may find themselves the first one on the scene of an accident. • When possible, leave the victim in the car and administer care until EMS arrives. • Ensure that you account for all possible victims. • Keep safety as a primary goal for yourself. • Remove the victim from the car only when necessary. • Address ABCs and monitor the victim until EMS arrives. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.