Transcript Review of the participation of the Association EURATOM - MEdC Romania to the European research on controlled thermonuclear fusion

Overview
of ten years of participation of the Romanian Association
to the EURATOM research in thermonuclear fusion
The context:
The scientific and political commitment imposed by fusion
”Europe’s fusion research has a solid foundation,
with firmly established networks of excellence.
We must give ourselves the best chance to build ITER in Europe...“
Philippe Busquin, press release of Council of Ministers, 13 May 2003
“The president has made achieving commercial fusion power
the highest long-term energy priority for our Nation”
USA DoE Office of Science Strategic Plan, February, 2004
“China wants to be the first nation to generate electricity from fusion”
Chinese minister, when China joined ITER, January 2003
Faster than computers
Source: Lopez Cardoso
Essentials of the history of ten years expansion
1999:
Assessment of our expertise.
What Romania can offer to the fusion community?
2005:
42 researchers, 1,053 million Euro, 9 Associations
2009:
28 Task Agreements (contracts with EFDA and EFDA-JET)
Topical groups (transport, MHD, diagnostics, etc.)
Plasma Wall Interaction
Integrated Tokamak Modeling
Materials
kEuro
Association EURATOM - MEdC Annual Expenditure
1800.0
1600.0
1400.0
1200.0
1000.0
800.0
600.0
400.0
200.0
0.0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Expenditure categories (2000-2009)
Mobility
12%
AS
4%
Physics
22%
Physics
JET
Art.6.3
8%
UT
TT
Art.5.1b
8%
JET
15%
Art.5.1b
Art.6.3
AS
TT
24%
UT
7%
Mobility
2009
Baseline expenditure structure
kEuro
(Physics, JET Notifications, UnderliTechnology)
400.0
350.0
300.0
250.0
200.0
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
Physics
JET
UT
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Expenditure structure evolution
(Baseline, Technology Tasks, Art. 5.1b, Art.
6.3
700.0
600.0
500.0
BS
400.0
TT
300.0
Art.5.1b
200.0
Art.6.3
100.0
0.0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Staff evolution
Professional
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
PUBLICATIONS 2002-2008: 194 articles (including 108 in ISI journals)
219 contributions at conferences
ISI papers / year
25
10
20
8
6
15
10
4
21
16
11
5
14
21
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
6
9
10
7
0
14
11
6
2
Phys.
Rev.
Lett.
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Papers / main journals
12
2007
2008
ISI papers / activity type
Phys.
Phys. Plasma Nuclear
Rev. E Plasmas Phys. Fusion
Control.
Fusion
ISI papers / physics domain
35
30
25
20
86
15
10
12
Physics
10
JET Notification Technology
5
0
30
16
12
11
9
8
Major research fields
where MEdC Association has made contributions
Basic physics of fusion plasma
Transport, MHD, diagnostics, sheats
Physics Integration (ceramics, optical fibers)
Magnet structure and integration
Tritium inventory control
Tritium Breeding and Materials
Materials Development
IFMIF, Test Facilities
IFMIF, Design Integration
Fuel Cycle
Atomic and Nuclear data bases
Plasma Facing components (JET)
ITER-like Wall Project (JET)
Physics of fusion plasmas
Physics of instabilities, turbulence and transport in tokamak plasmas
10 researchers, collaborations with CEA, ULB, ENEA, JET
Statistical physics for anomalous transport in plasmas
Mathematical modeling of transport processes
Numerical simulations of transport in stochastic fields
Results:
The Decorrelation Trajectory Method:
diffusion in turbulent plasma
Hamiltonian dynamics
and stochastic processes
Physics of fusion plasmas
Coherent flows in plasmas
Rotation of plasma
as cuasi-coherent flows
(analytic and numeric)
Magnetic configurations and Resistive Wall Modes
Perturbed magnetic field and
stream function U of the
induced eddy currents given
by an EKM.
Tritium technology
Tritium permeation into various materials
Water Detritiation System: endurance test catalyst - packing mixture
Standard parts catalogues in CATIA V5 for tritium-containing systems
Development of 2-D and 3-D symbols for WDS components
Assesment of detritiation with Ar plasma torch
Installation for studies on Water Detritiation
ASSESSMENT OF DETRITIATION WITH A SMALL Ar PLASMA TORCH
0.26
-4
m/t ~ 2.5 10 g/min
scanned surface = 170 mm
3
density =2700 kg/m
0.25
2
m [g]
erosion rate: 0.5m/min
0.24
0.23
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
t [min]
Figure 7a. Image of the plasma torch
during scanning procedure
Easy access to details of wall.
Collaboration with CEA.
Figure 7b. Mass variation of a CFC
sample with the treatment time
Technology for fusion applications
Superconductors
Fabrication of YBCO high temperature superconducting coated conductors
NbAl multifilamentary strands for fabrication of Nb3 Al superconducting conductors
Deposition of thick YBCO films on metallic substrates (chemical)
SEM image of YBCO film grown on CeO2/YSZ/CeO2/Pd buffered Ni-W
substrate at 8500C at two different magnifications
(left 20.00 K X and right 135.66 K X ).
Technology for fusion applications
Irradiated ceramics and optical fibers
UV transmission for large diameter optical fibres
Visible-UV response of optical fibres to gamma irradiation
Effects on semiconductor optical detectors of gamma-ray and electron beam
Radiation
Ionizing and neutron-irradiation effects on optoelectronic
components (semiconductor lasers and embedded detector)
X-ray micro-tomography
Non-destructives analysis of fusion materials samples by microtomography (2003)
Implementation of suitable NDT inspection methods for the
structural integrity assessment of instrumented capsules and rigs by
micro-tomography (2004)
X-ray microtomography for HFTM capsules and rigs
Influence of the sample radioactivity on the tomographic reconstruction quality (2005)
Cross-sections of the 3D tomographic
reconstruction of the HFTM irradiation
capsule obtained for optimum
combination of the irradiation parameters
(High Voltage= 220 kV, X-ray tube
current ~ 300 mA) with full object scanning
geometry
IFMIF / EVEDA requests
Nuclear Data
Comparison of calculated and experimental [11] neutron total cross sections (left),
and the corresponding collective inelastic scattering cross sections
obtained by DWBA method for 55Mn nucleus
First Romanian contribution to ITER
Enhancement of gamma-ray diagnostics at JET
JET KN3 neutron/gamma diagnostics
with neutron attenuators and their
steering and control system
(LUC: Local Unit Cubicle);
HC-NA: Horizontal Camera Neutron
Attenuator; VC-NA: Vertical Camera
Neutron Attenuator
Vertical Camera Neutron Attenuator prototype
Optimization and Manufacturing of 10 m W-coatings
for the CFC tiles to be installed in JET
ITER-like Wall at JET
CMSII coating equipment general view
Extension to JET divertor 2009
W coated tiles during the HHF test
CMSII discharge with
6 magnetrons running
Tungsten markers deposited on various
substrates by CMSII technology
To measure net errosion of W on
divertor tiles
PRODUCTION OF BERYLLIUM COATINGS
FOR INCONEL CLADDING AND BERYLLIUM TILE MARKERS
FOR THE ITER-LIKE WALL PROJECT
Thermionic vacuum arc (TVA) method
Beryllium coatings on inconel: (a) “as produced”; (b) after HHF test of 20 MJ m-2.
Interest expressed by Fusion for Energy, for ITER applications (2009)
Photograph of the equipment used for Beryllium tile Markers coatings
Conclusions
Major achievements:
physics: decorrelation trajectory method
W- and Be – coating on JET Wall
micro-tomography
diagnostics
Missed opportunities
High Performance Computer for Fusion Physics
Perspectives
ITER participation with Tritium, Beryllium and Nuclear data
Still to solve:
Do-we have a strategy for ITER?
Are-we at the periphery or on the main stream?
How to conserve the physics expertise
Suggested perspective: after ten years of challenging experience,
we will certainly find the correct answer