Transcript Draft chapter 5 Energy balances, Statistics Norway

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Draft chapter 5. Energy
balances
Ann Christin Bøeng
Division for energy and environmental statistics
Statistics Norway
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Disposition for the presentation
• Working group for the energy balance chapter
• Writing guidance for the chapter from UNSD and the OGSecretariat
• Structure in the draft chapter 5.
• Details about the structure and content- I would like to get
feedback on the structure and the content of the chapter.
Should more be added or anything be changed?
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Working group for the energy balance chapter
(Those who have volunteered to contribute)
• Statistics Norway (coordinator)
• IEA
• Canada/Statistics Canada
• China/ National Bureau of Statistics of China
• Cameroon / Ministère de l'Energie et de l'Eau (MINEE)
• Congo / Ministère de l'Energie
• Ghana / Energy Commission of Ghana
• UK/UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC)
• UNSD
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Guidance for chapter 5 provided by UNSD /OG-secretariat
Chapter 5 Compilation of energy balances
This chapter will provide practical guidance for the compilation of energy
balances. In particular, it will describe how to use the data items presented
in Chapter 6 of IRES (and discussed in Chapter 4 of the ESCM) in the
balances. Data editing and the validation rules inherent to the energy
balances will also be addressed here. This chapter will also discuss
secondary data sources that can be used for the compilation of balances
when only partial data items are available, as well as associated data
estimation and reconciliation methods.
A. Commodity balances
How to compile commodity balances from the data items in Chapter 4. In
the absence of some of the data items, this section will describe secondary
sources that can be used for compiling the commodity balances
B. Energy Balances
How to go from commodity balances to energy balances; description of the
methods for setting the value of primary energy (physical energy content vs.
partial substitution methods), use of calorific values;
C. Validation rules
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Actual structure of the chapter
• Introduction
• A. General information about the energy balance
• B. Energy products to be included in the energy balance
• C. Flows in the energy balance and possible data sources
• D. Data estimation and reconciliation
• E. Conversion of energy commodity balances to a common
unit
• F. Other
B, C and D is the most important parts. An energy balance consists of a
combination of energy products which is structured according to supply,
transformation and use, as described in B and C. The quality of the
balance depends on the data sources, and methods for estimating and
reconciliation of the figures. (part D)
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Data sources
• The chapter is in large degree based on chapter 8 in IRES;
and also some of the other chapters in IRES.
• The IEA/Eurostat “Energy statistics manual” is also used
- I have tried to avoid too much overlap of information, but it
is difficult to completely avoid any overlap. Then the chapter
would not become so meaningful to read.
• Some more practical information is added, compared to the
information available in IRES.
• Possible data sources are also mentioned, but I have
assumed that more complete information about sources and
data collection will be available in chapter 4 in ESCM.
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Details about the content
• Introduction: What an energy balances is, and purpose with
the balance. Important purposes and use of the balance.
A. General information about the energy balance
• Contents and detailing level of an energy balance.
Advantages with organizing the data in a database, that can
serve many purposes.
• What kind of products to include in the balance
• Recommendation of the use of ”net calorific value”
• Physical energy content method vs. Partial substitution
method.
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Part A (continues) and part B
• Explanation of difference between energy commodity
balance and energy balance.
• Territorial principle.
• B. Energy products to include in the balance.
• Part B describes groups of energy products that should be
included in the balance, such as oil / oil products and gas,
Coal and coke, Electricity and heat, and biomass and
waste.
The purpose is to present which products to include in the
balance, general information about data sources for energy
production (or methods for calculate it). Are the products
primary or secondary, renewable or not renewable.
Several point could be included, For instance more about
calculation of different kind of gases
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Table B.1. Oil and oil products
•
Primary oil products Crude oil including condensate / Natural gas
liquids / Other hydro carbons
• Secondary products, inputs to refineries: Additives/blending
components/Refinery feedstocks
Secondary oil products:
• Liquefied gases (ethane, liquid petroleum gases)
• Kerosene (kerosene type jet fuel, other kerosene)
• Residual fuels (with low and high sulphur content)
• Gasoline (naphtha, Gasoline type jet fuel, Unleaded gasoline, Leaded
gasoline)
• Gas and diesel oils (transport diesel, heating and other gas oil)
• Refinery gas (usually produced and used as fuel in refineries)
• Non-energy products (White spirit + SBP, Lubricants, bitumen,
petroleum coke)
Backflows to refineries remains to be described
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B.2. Primary and derived coal products
• Primary coal products (to be included in “primary
production in the energy balance) Coking coal, Other
bituminous coal and anthracite, Sub-bituminous coal,
Lignite/brown coal, Peat
• Derived fuels: Patent fuel, Coke–oven coke, Gas coke,
Briquettes, Gas-works gas, Coke oven gas, Blast furnace
gas, Oxygen steel furnace gas
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There are some open questions. We have for
instance no clear guidance for how to calculate coke
used as input in production of blast furnace gas.
Different countries and institutions uses
different thermal efficiency coefficient
for the coke
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B3. Sources for electricity and heat
•
Sources for renewable electricity: Hydro, wind thermal power, solar,
tide, wave power, biomass, geothermal energy
•
Sources for non-renewable electricity: Burning combustible fuels
such as coal, gas and oil. Nuclear energy.
•
Sources for renewable heat/district heating: Geothermal and solar
energy, biomass, renewable waste.
•
Sources for non-renewable heat/district heating: Burning
combustible fuels such as coal, gas, oil and non-renewable waste.
Nuclear energy.
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Energy from heat pumps, and district cooling is mentioned specially, This is not yet is a
part of reporting requirements to international organizations, and usually not a part of the
balances, but it can give a significant contribution to energy supply.
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Table B4. Biomass and waste
Solid Biofuels
Liquid biofuels
Biogases
Waste
Fuel wood
Biogasoline
Biogases from
anaerobic
fermentation
Industrial waste
Wood pellets
Biodiesel
Landfill gas
Municipal waste
Bagasse
Bio jet kerosene
Sewage sludge
gas
Animal waste
Other liquid
biofuels
Other biogases from
anaerobic
fermentation
Black liquor
Other vegetal
materials and
residues
Biogases from
thermal processes
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Part C. Flows in the energy balance and possible
data sources
• An energy balance is included in part C, to give the readers
an impression of how it should look like. Data is not filled in,
but it will be filled in for a country, as an example.
• The balance doesn’t have a column for ”of this renewable”,
as recommended in IRES, but it could be added. We need
however to know how to calculate the renewable share of
consumption of electricity and heat in the balance. – (Could
need some advise for instance from Eurostat on that)
• Part C gives also some brief description about the different
balance posts, what to include here, and general
information about possible data sources.
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Part C continues
• Transfer is one of the more complicated flows, because
some countries do not include it (such as Norway, but we
plan to add it) while others include different things here.
- Eurostat consider the transformation of hydro and wind to
electricity as interproduct transfer, while IEA don’t.
What should be recommended?
•
Transformation processes: The list of different types of
transformation processes mentioned in IRES are long, but
we have proposed that countries only include the processes
that are relevant for the country, in their balance.
• Stock changes: This should reflect the real changes in
stocks of energy products in the country (and not be a place
to put ”statistical differences”)
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D. Data estimation and reconcilition
• Detailed description of data sources and data collection will
•
•
•
•
be included in chapter 4.
Part D is meant to give advise for what to do when data is
missing, or when data from different data sources not are
consistent, or when data required for the balance are more
detailed than the actual available data.
It is seldom you find precise data for all required data in the
balance, unless the balance is very aggregated.
However, reporting obligations from among other things,
international organizations, or for compilation of indicators,
implies a need for detailed data.
When detailed data is not available, aggregated data could
be distributed. For instance by production figures or persons
employed by industry, and estimate for energy use per
person or produced unit by industry.
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Part C (continues) and part E
• When data from different sources not are consistent, it is
necessary to evaluate what is most reliable, use this, and
sometimes adjust the other data to make it fit into the
system.
E. Conversion of energy balance to a common unit.
• We recommend countries to use their national conversion
factors for converting for instance oil data in tonnes to a joint
unit like PJ.
• Part E also sais something about the uncertainty of figures
measured in a joint unit as PJ, and so-called ”useful
energy”. Energy balances are mostly presented as supplied
energy, but in reality, a lot of energy is lost due to that
heating equipment, engines etc. cannot utilise all the
potential energy in oil, gas etc.
• Part E is short, and could be extended.
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F. Other
• This part sais something about timeliness, and preliminary
versus final balances.
• Country practices remains to be included. However, it is
difficult to include an entire country practice, because many
of the practices on energy balances are on several pages.
• The plan is to include parts of different practices, where it
could be meaningful to include it. If a country has a good
method for measuring for instance bunkers, or for
organizing the data input to the balance, it could be included
in parts of the chapter where these things are described.
• Complete practices are available electronic on UN web-site,
and “links” to these practices could be added.
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Thank you for your attention
Questions or comments to the chapter are welcome.
- Also written comments during, or after the meeting.
Contact information: Ann Christin Bøeng,
E-mail:[email protected]
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