Transcript 2320Lecture21_Crystal.pptx

Crystal Ehresman
Memory is not a unitary phenomenon!
Two sides of the same coin…
Learning and memory –
both are experience-dependent behaviour!
Events required:
Encoding  Consolidation Retrieval
Model of Memory
RETRIEVAL
Turning now to Long-Term Memory
ATTENTION
Sensory
Signals
Sensory
Memory
Short-Term
Memory
Long-Term
Memory
REHEARSAL
The famous H.M.
1926-2008
Henry Gustav Molaison
William Beecher Scoville and Brenda Milner
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 12:103-113, 1957
Patient H.M.
• “Loss of Recent Memory After Bilateral Hippocampal
Lesions”, Scoville and Milner (1957)
• onset of epilepsy at age ten, perhaps due to bike
accident (wear a helmet!)
• 1953 - underwent temporal
lobectomy to reduce seizure
activity
Driving with HM
After leaving the main highway, we asked for help in locating
his house. He promptly and courteously indicated to us several
turns, until we arrived at a street that he said was quite familiar
to him. At the same time he admitted that were not at the right address.
A phone call to his mother revealed that we were on the street
where he lived before his operation. With her directions, we made our
way to the residential area where H.M. now lives.
Milner et al., 1968, pp216-217
Diseases of explict memory
1. Korsakoff’s syndrome
2. Alzheimer’s disease
3. CO poisoning
4. Herpes simplex
5. Schizophrenia
6. Aging
Decline in temporal lobe size with age
Long-term Memory
• memory consists of associative networks
• perhaps mnemonists can create better networks
To Kill A Mockingbird
Long-term Memory
• memory consists of associative networks
• perhaps mnemonists can create better networks
highschool
Mr. Lacey
To Kill A Mockingbird
English
Long-term Memory
• memory consists of associative networks
• perhaps mnemonists can create better networks
skiing
highschool
mockingbird
bird
canary
chicken
Mr. Lacey
To Kill A Mockingbird
racism
English
Martin Luther King
Long-term Memory
• What do you think the brain of someone that has this
“super memory” would look like?
Long-term Memory
• What if I told you it looked like this?
Kim Peek
Long-term Memory
• macroencephaly
• no corpus callosum
• no anterior/posterior commisure
• degenerated cerebellum
Long-term Memory
• Autism?
• Motor disturbances
• Overall I.Q. of 87
• despite this, he displays some amazing abilities…
Long-term Memory
Long-term Memory
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2T45r5G3kA
Explicit
Implicit
Emotional Memory
Short Term Memory