Transcript 8. Adaptations and supporting policies

Adaptations and supporting policies
Based on Chapter 13
Outline
• Framework for adaptations
• Win-win adaptations
• Supporting policies
Adaptation decision framework
Near-term Loss
Near-term Gain
Addresses present drivers
Addresses climate change
Long-term Loss
Lose-Lose
Long-term Gain
Lose-Win
X
X
Win-Lose

Win-Win
X


x
X
After Grafton (2010)
Adaptations and policies
• Practical adaptations and policies are needed
to:

Harness the opportunities expected from greater
abundances of tuna

Replace the fish lost from degraded coral reefs

Capitalise on the improved conditions for pond
aquaculture
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La Niña
El Niño
Adaptations for tuna
‘Vessel Days Scheme’ to manage
effort of industrial tuna fleets
Cap and trade provisions of
VDS enable all PNA
members to receive some
benefits during ENSO
Ask
events, regardless
of where
tuna are concentrated
Source of map: Lehodey et al. (1977)
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W-W
Adaptations for tuna
‘Vessel Days Scheme’ to manage
effort of industrial tuna fleets
• Allocation of vessel days is
adjusted regularly
2050
Ask
S
2100
Source: Bell et al. (2011) and Lehodey et al. (2011)
Adaptations for tuna
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Immediate conservation
measures for tuna
• Stopping overfishing of bigeye tuna, and
preventing overfishing of other tuna, will:
 maintain stocks at healthy levels
 make these valuable species more
resilient to climate change
Bigeye tuna
Other adaptations for tuna
• Improve safety at sea for vessels fishing in
the cyclone belt
• Climate-proof infrastructure to prevent
inundation by rising sea levels
Suggested supporting policies
Strengthen national capacity to implement the
VDS
Include implications of climate change in
management objectives of WCPFC
Develop further measures to reduce capture of
bigeye tuna by purse-seine
Require tuna vessels to provide operational-level
catch and effort data to improve tuna models
Adaptations for food security
• Minimise the gap to be filled!
Poorly-managed fisheries
Quantity of fish/habitat
a)
Fish needed by
growing population
Fish habitat
Fish
Fish available
available from
from
coastal
stocks
stocks
Gap in supply of
fish to be filled
Time
Well-managed fisheries
Quantity of fish/habitat
b)
Fish needed by
growing population
Fish habitat
Fish available from
stocks
Fish available from
coastal stocks
Time
Adaptations for food security
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Maintaining spawning
adults will help ensure
replenishment and build
resilience of key species
Sustain production of fish
stocks
Adaptations for food security
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Reduce and diversify catches
of demersal fish
Greater focus on herbivorous fish
Adaptations for food security
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W-W
Increase access to tuna with
anchored inshore Fish
Aggregating Devices (FADs)
Adaptations for food security
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Improve post-harvest methods
Photo: Jocelyn Carlin
Adaptations for food security
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W-W
Develop pond aquaculture for
milkfish and Nile tilapia
Adaptations for food security
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W-W
Increase supply of tuna to
Nauru from industrial fleet for
food security
Year
Population
2010
10,000
2035
14,000
2050
16,000
2100
21,000
Adaptations for livelihoods
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Provide attractive services to
fleets (wharf facilities, re-fuelling,
provisioning)
Suggested supporting policies
• Strengthen governance of agriculture and mining
practices to prevent soil loss and pollution, to
safeguard fish habitats and water quality
• Apply ‘primary fisheries management’ to coastal
stocks to maintain their potential for replenishment
• Increase access to tuna for the food security
• Promote pond aquaculture
Key investments
 Surveys of best sites for installing inshore FADs
 Programmes to install and maintain FADs
 Identify prime locations for pond aquaculture
 Hatcheries and networks to deliver juveniles
Evaluate merits of micro-credit schemes to develop
fisheries around FADs; expand pond aquaculture;
and scale-up post-harvest processing
Conclusions
• Win-win adaptations are available to reduce
risks and capitalise on opportunities
• Supporting policies are required
• Integrate adaptations and policies into
national strategies and action plans for
climate change