Transcript 13 Adaptations and policies for economic development

Adaptations and policies for
economic development
Presented by
Mike Batty
Authors
This presentation is based on Chapter 13 ‘Adapting tropical
Pacific fisheries and aquaculture to climate change:
management measures, policies and investments’ in the
book Vulnerability of Tropical Pacific Fisheries and
Aquaculture to Climate Change, edited by JD Bell, JE
Johnson and AJ Hobday and published by SPC in 2011.
The authors of Chapter 13 are: Johann Bell, Neil Andrew,
Michael Batty, Lindsay Chapman, Jeffrey Dambacher, Brian
Dawson, Alex Ganachaud, Peter Gehrke, John Hampton,
Alistair Hobday, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Johanna Johnson, Jeff
Kinch, Robert Le Borgne, Patrick Lehodey, Janice Lough, Tim
Pickering, Morgan Pratchett, Aliti Vunisea and Michelle
Waycott
Outline
• Revisit purpose of adaptations and policies
• Framework for adaptations
 Win-win adaptations
 Other important adaptations
• Supporting policies and investments
Purpose of adaptations and policies
• Reduce the risk of future shortfalls in fish for
canneries in the west (and job losses)
• Harness the opportunities for increased
revenue for PICTs in the east
Adaptation decision framework
Near-term Loss
Near-term Gain
Addresses present drivers
Addresses climate change
Long-term Loss
Lose-Lose
Long-term Gain
Lose-Win
X
X
Win-Lose

Win-Win
X


x
X
After Grafton (2010)
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
La Niña
El Niño
Adaptations
‘Vessel Days Scheme’ to manage
effort of industrial tuna fleets
Cap and trade provisions of
VDS enable all PNA
members to receive some
benefits during ENSO
Ask
events, regardless
of where
tuna are concentrated
Source of map: Lehodey et al. (1977)
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Adaptations
‘Vessel Days Scheme’ to manage
effort of industrial tuna fleets
• Allocation of vessel days is adjusted
regularly
2050
• This should reduce the need for PNA
members to trade fishing days as tuna
move east
Ask
S
2100
Source: Bell et al. (2011) and Lehodey et al. (2011)
Adaptations
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Develop and maintain
trade preferences
• Global sourcing provisions of EPA
with EU assists countries obtain and
export fish
• Helps ensure viable industries as
tuna move east
Photo: Peter Sharples
Adaptations
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Immediate conservation
measures for tuna
• Stopping overfishing of bigeye tuna, and
preventing overfishing of other tuna, will:
 maintain stocks at healthy levels
 make these valuable species more
resilient to climate change
Bigeye tuna
Adaptations
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Energy audits for industrial
fishing vessels
• Addresses likelihood of near-term
rises in fuel costs
• Assists national fleets from west
to go greater distances in the
future to catch fish for their
canneries
Photo: Bruno Leroy
Other adaptations
• Diversify sources of fish for canneries by:

Requiring DWFNs to land some catch locally

Enhancing access for national fleets to other EEZs
• Improve safety at sea for vessels fishing in the
cyclone belt
• Climate-proof infrastructure to prevent inundation
by rising sea levels and more severe cyclones
Suggested supporting policies
Promote access agreements that are clear for all
stakeholders; and strengthen national capacity to
implement effort schemes
Adjust tuna management plans to increase
flexibility to sell tuna, or acquire tuna
Include implications of climate change in
management objectives of WCPFC
Require tuna vessels to provide operational-level
catch and effort data to improve tuna models
Suggested supporting policies
Develop further measures to reduce capture of
bigeye tuna by purse-seine
Apply management measures to address the
effects of climate change on tuna in archipelagic
waters
Develop tuna products and distribution channels
that minimise CO2 emissions
Key investments
• Full implementation of VDS for purse-seine and
longline fisheries, and a fishing effort scheme for
Te Vaka Moana Arrangement
• Establishment of authorities and systems to comply
with EU conditions for food safety and IUU fishing
• Energy audits and energy efficiency programmes
for national industrial tuna fleets
• Production chain accounting of all emissions from
tuna fishing, processing and marketing
Conclusions
• Win-win adaptations are available to reduce
risks and capitalise on opportunities
• Supporting policies and investments are
required
• Integrate adaptations, policies and
investments into national strategies and
action plans for climate change