Transcript 02 SSF CC

SPC/FAO Workshop on Climate
Change
June 5th to 8th
Key messages and outcomes of
relevance to small scale fisheries
SPC/FAO Workshop on Climate Change
• Fifteen PICTs, senior fisheries officers, national
focal points for climate change and disaster
risk management in PICTs, Not-for-profit
organisations and Funding bodies
• The objective: i) Use information from a
comprehensive vulnerability assessment of
climate change implications for fisheries to ii)
identify priority actions
How much fish do we eat?
• Fish consumption in rural areas (kg/person/year)
%
%
43
77
%
%
62
%
115
%
11
11150
%
%98
55
75
21
50-94 %
Subsistence
fishing
47-91 %
>150
10
33
Animal
protein
61
50
90
25
Examples only
Source: Bell et al. (2009), Gillett (2009)
Range x-y%
Plans to use fish for food security
• Provide 35 kg of fish per
person per year
• Maintain traditional fish
consumption where it is
>35 kg
Factors affecting availability of fish
• Population growth
Year
Population (million)
2012
10
2035
15
2050
18
2100
27?
Source: SPC Statistics for Development Programme
Effects of population growth on
availability of fish per person
Fiji
Solomon Islands
50
40
35 kg
3
9
30
20
35
32
26
10
0
2035
2050
Year
2100
Availability of reef fish per person (kg)
Availability of reef fish per person (kg)
50
40
35 kg
30
7
13
21
20
28
22
10
14
0
2035
2050
Year
2100
Effects of climate change
Today
2035 (-2 to -5%)
2050 (-20%)
2100 (-20 to -50%)
Additional effects of climate change
Fiji
Solomon Islands
50
40
35 kg
3
7
30
20
9
15
35
34
32
28
10
26
20
0
2035
2050
2100
Year
Effects of population growth
Availability of reef fish per capita (kg)
Availability of reef fish per capita (kg)
50
40
35 kg
30
7
7
13
16
21
24
20
28
28
22
10
19
14
11
0
2035
2050
2100
Year
Additional effects of climate change
How best to fill the gap?
Solomon Islands
2035 (33,947 t)
64%
27%
2050 (41,345 t)
46%
43%
2100 (68,910 t)
24%
0
10
11%
20
61%
30
40
50
60
70
80
Fishfood
needed
(tonnes
x 1000)(x1000)
Fish needed for
security
tonnes
Coastal fisheries
Freshwater fisheries
Pond aquaculture
Tuna (and bycatch)
Key facts
• Population growth will have a much
stronger effect on availability of fish
from reef fisheries than climate change
• Shortages of reef fish will occur in
many PICTs
• Most of the gap will need to be filled
by tuna
Adaptations and policies
• Practical measures are needed to minimise
and fill the gap
Poorly-managed fisheries
Quantity of fish/habitat
a)
Fish needed by
growing population
Fish habitat
Fish
Fish available
available from
from
coastal
stocks
stocks
Gap in supply of
fish to be filled
Time
Well-managed fisheries
Quantity of fish/habitat
b)
Fish needed by
growing population
Fish habitat
Fish available from
stocks
Fish available from
coastal stocks
Time
Adaptation decision framework
Addresses climate change
Near-term Loss
Near-term Gain
Addresses present drivers
Long-term Loss
Lose-Lose
Long-term Gain
Lose-Win
X
X
Win-Lose

Win-Win
X


x
X
After Grafton (2010)
Win-win adaptations to minimise gap
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Improves resilience of
coral reef, mangrove
and seagrass habitats
Manage and restore vegetation
cover in catchments
Win-win adaptations to minimise gap
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Maintaining spawning
adults will help ensure
replenishment and build
resilience of key species
Sustain production of fish
stocks
Win-win adaptations to fill gap
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Increase access to tuna with
anchored inshore Fish
Aggregating Devices (FADs)
Win-win adaptations to fill gap
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Improve post-harvest methods
Win-win adaptations to fill the gap
L-L
W-L
L-W
W-W
?
Develop coastal fisheries for
small pelagic species
Other adaptations
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Moratoriums to rebuild sea
cucumber fisheries
Suggested supporting policies
• Strengthen governance of agriculture, forestry and
mining practices to prevent soil loss and pollution,
to safeguard fish habitats and water quality
• Apply ‘primary fisheries management’ to coastal
and freshwater stocks to maintain their potential
for replenishment
Suggested supporting policies
• Restrict export of reef fish to retain them for
national food security (does not apply to
deepwater snapper)
• Increase access to tuna for the food security by
reducing national allocations to industrial fleets
Key investments
 Revegetation of catchments to trap sediment and
maintain riparian (stream side) buffer zones
 Implement community-based ecosystem approach
to fisheries management
Key investments
 Surveys of best sites for installing inshore FADs
 Programmes to install and maintain FADs
Evaluate merits of micro-credit schemes to develop
fisheries around FADs; expand pond aquaculture;
and scale-up post-harvest processing
Conclusions
• Win-win adaptations are available to reduce
risks and capitalise on opportunities
• Supporting policies and investments are needed
• Integrate adaptations, policies and investments
into national strategies and action plans for
climate change, including community-based
actions supported by partners
Thank you