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Whole Language
• Educators concerned with the teaching of
language arts, reading and writing in the
native language in the 1980s
• Whole language shares a philosophical
and instructional perspective with
Communicative Language Teaching since
it emphasizes the importance of meaning
and meaning making in teaching and
learning.
• It also relates to Natural Approaches to
language learning since it is designed to
help children and adults to learn a second
language in the same way that children
learn their first language.
Interactional perspective: language
theory
• Viewing language as a vehicle for human
communication and in which there is an
interactioal relationship between readers and
writers
• Social context
• Sociolingustic and psycholinguistic perspectives
• Language is always seen as something that is
used for meaningful purposes and to carry out
authentic functions.
Learning theory
• Humanistic school: to be authentic, peronalized,
self-directed, collaborative, pluralistic, which
would help learner focus attention and to
motivate mastery)
• Constructivist school: knowledge is socially
constructed. Learners create meaning, learn by
doing, and work collaboratively in mixed groups
on common projects. Rather than transmitting
knowledge to students, teachers collaborate with
them to create knowledge and understanding in
their mutual social context.