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2016/7/15
A Novel Rotor Configuration and Experimental
Verification of Interior PM
Synchronous Motor for High-Speed Applications
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, VOL. 48, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2012
By Sung-Il Kim, Young-Kyoun Kim, Geun-Ho Lee,and Jung-Pyo Hong
Outline
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Rotor Design Of High-Speed IPMSM Initial Rotor Shape
 Initial Rotor Shape
 Experimental Design
 Rotor-Shape Optimization
 Test Results And Discussion
 Conclusion
 References
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Abstract
 On account of high efficiency and high power density, permanent-magnet
synchronous motors (PMSMs) are mainly applied to a high-speed machine.
Especially, because of relatively easy magnetic circuit design and control.
However, the surface-mounted PMSM has some weak points due to a
sleeve, which is nonmagnetic steel used in order to maintain the
mechanical integrity of a rotor assembly in high-speed rotation.
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Introduction
 The IPMSM does not essentially need the sleeve, because
permanent magnet is inserted inside the rotor. Moreover, the
IPMSM has higher power density than the surface-mounted
PMSM, because it can use a magnetic and a reluctance torque
with proper current vector control.
 Thus, the two-pole IPMSM considering electrical and
mechanical characteristics is designed and fabricated as the
driving motor of a 8-kW, 40000 r/min class air blower. In the
end, the superiority and reliability of the IPMSM in high-speed
operation is verified by the results obtained by test.
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Rotor Design Of High-Speed IPMSM
Fig. 2 Manufactured stator with three-phase coils. (a) Top view. (b) Side view.
 Fig. 2 displays the manufactured stator with three-phase coils,
and it is applied to the surface-mounted PMSM and IPMSM.
Also, the main design specifications given in Table I are qually
applied for them.
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Initial Rotor Shape
 Fig. 3 shows a variety of rotor configurations of the IPMSM
with two poles. The diameter of the rotor and shaft is the same.
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Experimental Design
Partial rotor configurations
according to design factor
variation.
(a) According
to the number of magnet
layers.
(b) According to the number
of bridges
in the second layer.
c) According to pole angle.
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 In this paper, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) , one of the
statistical analysis methods, is utilized to identify the design
factors that have the greatest influence on the characteristics of
the IPMSM.
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Ｙ１３１
Ｙ１３２
Ｙ２２１ Ｙ２３１
Ｙ２１１
Ｙ１３３
Ｙ２１２
Ｙ３１１ Ｙ３２１
Ｙ３２２
Ｙ２２２ Ｙ２３２ Ｙ３１２
Ｙ２２３ Ｙ２３３
Ｙ２１３
Ｙ３１３
Ｙ３３１
Ｙ３３２
Ｙ３２３ Ｙ３３３
FEA results
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 As the pole angle grows, the average torque and backelectromotive force (emf) also increased, but the
saliency and maximum stress are reduced.
 Average torque is more affected by back-emf than by
saliency.
 When the number of bridges is three in the second
layer of the permanent magnet, the average torque and
back-emf are largest.
 As the number of magnet layers increases, saliency is
generally increased, but the average torque and backemf tend to decrease.
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Rotor-Shape Optimization
 The aim of the rotor optimization is to secure electrical
performance and mechanical strength. In addition, the amount
of PM should be minimized. Accordingly, as shown in Fig, the
design parameters based on the results of the experimental
design are chosen for the optimization.
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 Table V is applied to make an approximate model of each
response
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 Which is a set of statistical and mathematical techniques
used to find the best fitting response of the physical
system through experiment or simulation, is used as an
optimization method.
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 The response surface of each approximate model is
shown in Fig.
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 The final results of the optimization are given in Table VI,
and the accuracy of the models is verified through the table.
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Test Results And Discussion
 The fabricated IPMSM
Fig. 4 Configurations of fabricated IPMSM. (a) Rotor.
(b) Rotor assembly. (c) Air blower.
are exhibited in Fig. 4.
In order to verify the
performance of the
IPMSM, tests are carried
out as shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Testing apparatus for air-blower system
test.
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 Test results of the air-blower system. (a) Input current. (b)
System efficiency. (c) Air-blower efficiency.
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Losses obtained by characteristics analysis. (a) At 10 000 r/min
(top) and 30 000 r/min (bottom). (b) At 20 000 r/min (top) and
40 000 r/min (bottom).
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 The efficiency of the IPMSM is high due to a relatively small
core loss before 25 000 r/min. After the speed, as the load
rises, the influence of copper loss is dominant due to an
increase of input current. At this time, the mechanical loss of
the SPMSM and IPMSM is not considered, because their
rotor sizes are the same.
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Conclusion
 Even though current vector control is required to obtain
maximum torque, the overall efficiency measured in the
IPMSM is better than that of the SPMSM. In addition, the
amount of permanent magnet actually used in the IPMSM is
reduced by approximately 53% than the SPMSM.
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References

[1] A. Binder, T. Schneider, and M. Klohr, “Fixation of buried and surface-mounted magnets
in high-speed permanent magnet synchronousmachines,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 42, no.
4, pp. 1031–1037, Jul./Aug. 2006.

[2] A. M. EL-Refaie, R. Manzke, and T. M. Jahns, “Application of bi-statemagnetic material
to automotive offset-couple IPM starter/alternatormachine,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.., vol. 40,
no. 3, pp. 717–725, May/Jun. 2004.

[3] E. C. Lovelace, T. M. Jahns, T. A. Keim, and J. H. Lang, “Mechanicaldesign
considerations for conventionally laminated, high-speed, interiorPM synchronous machine
rotors,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 40,no. 3, pp. 806–812, May/Jun. 2004.

[4] J. M. Park, S. I. Kim, J. P. Hong, and J. H. Lee, “Rotor design ontorque ripple reduction
for a synchronous reluctance motor with concentratedwinding using response surface
methodology,” IEEE Trans.Magn., vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 3479–3481, Oct. 2006.

[5] B. H. Lee, S. O. Kwon, T. Sun, J. P. Hong, G. H. Lee, and J. Hur,“Modeling of core loss
resistance for d-q equivalent circuit analysis ofIPMSM considering harmonic linkage flux,”
IEEE Trans. Magn., vol.47, no. 5, pp. 1066–1069, May 2011.
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Thanks for listening
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凸極效應
若永磁馬達的磁鐵埋在轉子中，磁鐵可以受到轉子的保護，
在高速運轉時不會有磁鐵脫落的問題但轉子需有一空洞要
置入磁鐵，而轉子的材質為矽鋼，磁導率遠高於磁鐵，因
此磁鐵部份可視為一個額外的氣隙，轉子和定子間的氣隙
會有周期性的變化，即凸極效應，因此產生的轉矩中有磁
阻轉矩成份，其效率較高。
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