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Validity
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Construct Validity
建構效度；構念效度
• 此種效度是以心理學的理論概念來說明並分析
測驗分數的意義
• Constructs
是指心理學理論中所涉及的抽象而且
屬於假設性(hypothesized)的概念， 例如: “reading
ability”,”fluency speaking”, “control of grammar”.
• 建構效度最關心的問題是：測量工具（試卷）
實際測量的是哪些特徵？在評價建構效度時，
必須要解釋“試卷為什麼有效”
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Content Validity
內容效度
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A sufficiently representative and comprehensive
sample of the language skills and structures.
試卷內容需反映出切合的主題以及能夠涵蓋足
夠層面的程度
A proper sample of relevant structures is needed.
Writing full test specifications（命題規範）
Skill specifications (技能規格)
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Content specifications (領域內容規格)
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Criterion-related Validity 效標關聯效度
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將使用中的評量工具和其他的評量工具來
比較兩者是否具有關聯性
Two essential kinds of criterion-related
validity:
Concurrent validity
Predictive validity
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Concurrent validity 同期效度
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Concurrent validity is established when the test
and the criterion are administered at about the
same time.
to square the coefficient
correlation coefficient
validity coefficient
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Predictive validity
預測效度
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Concerns the degree to which a test can predict
candidates’ future performance.
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Have a proficiency test could predict a student’s
ability to cope with a graduate course at a
university.
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Have a placement test could predict the most
appropriate class for any particular student.
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scoring validity（評分效度）
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Test validity vs. Scoring validity
The way in which the responses are scored
must be valid.
In a reading test calling for short responses, if
the scoring of theses responses takes into
account spelling and grammar, it is not
supposed to be valid.
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