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Programming leisure and
recreation services and
facilities
報告人：謝博任
In this chapter:
• The what and why of leisure programming
• Programme classification
• Directional programme planning strategies
• Specific methods and approaches
• Co-ordinating the approaches to programming
• Targeting disadvantaged groups
• Programming muti-leisure centres
Introduction:
• Programming is the key element in the
delivering services
• This chapter concentrates on the programming
process and the manager’s role in that process
The what and why of leisure and
recreation programming
• Programming is important
• Everything that a service….satisfying to them.(p.447)
• The opportunity is made available through the
programme.
The what and why of leisure and
recreation programming
Other reasons for excellent programming:
1. Make the best use of resources
2. Resolve conflicting claims of times and space for
available
3. The same place can often be used for different
activities at different times
4. Space which is not sold today is lost forever
The what and why of leisure and
recreation programming
5. Balance and fairness between a wide range of
client and potential customers
6. Good programming is a means of achieving best
result
7. The programme provides order and structure
8. Without programming, there could be chaos
The what and why of leisure and
recreation programming
planning
Leisure
programming
scheduling
timetabling
implementing
action
The what and why of leisure and
recreation programming
• The programme is the essence of leisure and
recreation services; it’s their raison d‘être.(法文：存在
的理由。念法為：レーゾンデートル)
• Programmes will differ depending on the facilities
and on the aims of the organization.
• One of the hallmark of good programming is…aspect
of the programme
Community recreation programming
• Community recreation programming incorporates
many social objectives
• Local authorities in UK now faced with economic
difficulties
• A balanced activity programme at a local authority
leisure complex would have some of the following
features: (see p.449 1~5)
Which main agencies programme leisure and
recreation?
There are many agencies and organizations involved
in programming leisure and recreation services and
facilities.
There are 4 broad categories:
• the commercial sector
• institutional sector
• voluntary sector
• the local government sector
What constitutes a programme?
• activities
• amenities and facilities
• services
• staff
• money
Programme classification
• How a programme is classified is not of major
importance.
• Classification helps in providing programme balance
through analysis of each category.
• Simple classification can aid communication and
administration.
• Easier for clients and customers to understand.
Programme classification
4 common classification:
1. by function: The most usual one. By listing a
number of activities or group of activities.
2. by facilities: pitches available, pool opening times
3. by people: who the programme is intended for,
such as …
4. by outcomes: ‘Learn to swim’, improver courses…
Directional programme planning strategies
2 main strategic directions:
1. social programming: the most common approach
2. community programming
Specific methods and approaches
1. Lettings policy or laissez-faire(法文：自由放任)
approach
2. The traditional approach
3. The comparative current trends approach
4. The expressed desires approach
5. The authoritarian approach
6. The political/social approach
Specific methods and approaches
7. Action-investigation-creation plan approach
8. External requirements approach
9. Cafeteria-style approach
10. The demand approach
11. The community orientation approach
12. Community leadership approach
Co-ordinating the approaches to prpgramming
The leisure manager must:
• understand the lessons to be learned from various
strategies and approaches
• understand the problems and opportunities within
current community recreation programming
• Devise a logical and objective approach to the
situation, bearing in mind the goals of the
organization and the resources available
Co-ordinating the approaches to prpgramming
• The lessons to be learned from past mistakes
(see page 457~458)
Targeting disadvantaged groups
• Public sector leisure facilities are less used by those
who have social, economic and other hardships
• Positive leisure experience can lead to build up of
self-image and self-confidence
• Positive programming to encourage wider
community use (see table 21.1)
Programming multi-leisure centres
• Leisure centres provide the most challenging grounds
for leisure programmers
• Multi-purpose leisure centres require programmers
which use the same space in a variety of ways.
• Case study: Ponds Forge International Sports Centre,
Sheffield
Programming multi-leisure centres
• Not only the large centres need good
programming, but also the small one
• In the early part of last century, swimming pools
were covered several functions
• Leisure programming is not new