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Design and Operation of Small-Scale Photovoltaic-Driven Reverse Osmosis (PVRO) Desalination Plant for Water Supply in Rural Areas Fawzi Banat, Hazim Qiblawey, Qais Al-Nasser Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, 2012, 1, 31-36 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2012.13004 Published Online October 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/cweee) Student:ZHANG JIU ZHEN Student number:4A02C091 Professor:WANG,MING-SHYAN ABSTRACT The alarming water and energy crisis in many regions of the world can be eased by combining renewable energy with desalination technologies. The ADIRA project funded by the EU looked for demonstrating the feasibility of water desalination in areas around the Mediterranean by installing a number of autonomous desalination systems (ADS) which are able to convert brackish or seawater into potable water for the needs of small communities. Within the activities of the ADIRA project a reverse osmosis unit powered by photovoltaic electricity was installed in a village in the northern part of Jordan with a capacity of 0.5 m3/day. The system was composed of a softener, reverse osmosis unit, PV panels (432 Wp) and storage batteries. Residential type “OSMONICS” membrane (TFM-100) was utilized in the RO unit. Field tests were performed on brackish water (1700 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS)). This paper sheds the light on the process flow diagram, sizing of the system main components and presents some of the results obtained. Introduction Small capacity desalination units utilizing the reverse osmosis (RO) technology and powered by photovoltaic (PV) cells, is a potential solution for providing freshwa-ter to small comminutes in isolated arid areas that have 1) saline water problems; 2) no access to the electricity grid; 3) plenty solar resources. PVRO has minimal envi-ronmental impact, can be easily designed and assembled for different demand profiles using modular components [1], and can be easily maintained and repaired. Method The system has three major components, a PV array, a spiral wound membrane module, and a softener. The softener treats raw water from mineral ions that cause scaling problems. The pretreatment step consists of 4 stages: Softener, 5 Micron sediment filter, granular activated carbon filter (GAC) and 1 Micron sidemen filter. The system was fed with untreated brackish water with a salinity of 1700 mg/L. In these experiments, four residential membrane modules “OSMONICS” type (TFM-100) were utilized. Electricity needed by the system was partially supplied by the PV array which consists from 8 PV modules each 54 Wp. Since the RO unit needs a stable power supply, two batteries (12 V, 230 Ah) were connected in series to increase the voltage up to 24 V. The energy produced by the PV is transferred through the solar charge regulator to battery storage capable of storing enough energy for extra operation hours after sunset. The stored energy is transferred back to regulator unit for powering the loads. 摘要 令人擔憂的水和能源危機在世界許多地區可以通過可再生能源相結合得到緩解。 海水淡化技術，由歐盟資助的ADIRA計畫，展示海水淡化的可行性，在地中海周圍地區 通過安裝一些自主海水淡化系統（ADS），它是能夠將半鹹水或海水轉化為飲用水的小 型社區的需求。 ADIRA計劃的太陽能逆滲透裝置的容量為0.5立方米/日，安裝在約旦北部地區的一個村 莊。該系統由一個軟化水質裝置，逆滲透裝置，太陽能板（432 WP）和蓄電池。家用 類型的逆滲透元件，採用“OSMONICS”薄膜（TFM-100）。現場測試均在微鹹水進 行（1700毫克/升總溶解固態物（TDS））。 本文件展示加工流程圖、系統主要部件的大小、提供了一些所取得的成果。。 介紹 小容量的海水淡化裝置，使用逆滲透（RO）技術，搭載太陽能 （PV）電池，用於提供 淡水給在偏遠乾旱地區小社區的潛在解決方案 1） 鹹水問題; 2）電網無法連上 3）足夠的太陽照射 太陽能逆滲透系統具有最小環境的影響，可以容易地設計和組裝 針對不同需求的配置 文件使用模塊化組件 ，並且可以很容易地維護和修理。 方法 該系統具有三個主要部分組成，一個太陽能陣列，螺捲式膜組和水質軟化器。水質 軟化器處理海水中礦物離子、結垢問題。 處理步驟包括4個階段：水質軟化器，5微米泥沙過濾器，顆粒活性炭過濾器（GAC） 和1微米泥沙過濾器。 系統供給與未經處理鹽度為 1700毫克/升 的微鹹水。 在這些實驗中，使用四組家用膜組件“OSMONICS”（TFM-100型)。 所需要的系統的電力部分來自8PV模塊每個54Wp的太陽能陣列。 因為RO裝置需要一個穩定的電源，兩個電池（12伏，230 Ah）為串聯以增加電壓 至24V。 由太陽能產生的能量通過太陽能充電控制器存儲至電池能夠供給足夠的能量供日落 後額外運作時間的轉換。所存儲 的能量被傳遞回控制器單元，用於負載供電。 參考文獻 http://www.oalib.com/paper/14880#.VVrdu_mqqE0