Transcript 下載/瀏覽

專業英語溝通－Wine
4A0B0126 蔡峻豪
4A0B0108 張柏詳
休閒二乙
What is Wine?
• Wine is an alcoholic beverage made
from fermented grapes or other fruits. The natural
chemical balance of grapes lets them ferment without
the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or
other nutrients. Yeast consumes the sugars in the grapes
and converts them into alcohol. Different varieties of
grapes and strains of yeasts produce different types of
wine. The well-known variations result from the very
complex interactions between the biochemical
development of the fruit, reactions involved in
fermentation, and human intervention in the overall
process. The final product may contain tens of thousands
of chemical compounds in amounts varying from a few
percent to a few parts per billion.
• Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts
produce different types of wine. The well-known
variations result from the very complex
interactions between the biochemical
development of the fruit, reactions involved in
fermentation, and human intervention in the
overall process. The final product may contain
tens of thousands of chemical compounds in
amounts varying from a few percent to a few
parts per billion.
• Wines made from fruits besides grapes are
usually named after the fruit from which they
are produced (for
example, pomegranate wine, apple wine and
elder berry wine) and are generically called fruit
wine. The term "wine" can also refer to starchfermented or fortified beverages having higher
alcohol content, such as barley wine or sake.
• Wine has a rich history dating back thousands of
years, with the earliest known production occurring
around 6000 BC in Georgia. It first appeared in the
Balkans about 4500 BC and was very common
in ancient Greece, Thrace and Rome. Wine has also
played an important role in religion throughout
history. The Greek god Dionysus and
the Roman equivalent, Bacchus, represented wine.
The drink is also used
in Christian Eucharist ceremonies and
the Jewish Kiddush.
History of wine
• The history of wine spans thousands of years and is
closely intertwined with the history
of agriculture, cuisine, civilization and humanity itself.
Archaeological evidence suggests that the earliest known
wine production occurred in what is now the country
of Georgia around 7000 BCE, with other notable sites in
Greater Iran dated 4500 BCE and Armenia 4100 BCE,
respectively. The world's oldest known winery (dated to
3000 BCE) was discovered in Areni-1 cave in a
mountainous area of Armenia. Increasingly clear
archaeological evidence indicates that domestication of
the grapevine took place during the Early Bronze Age in
the Near East, Sumer and Egypt from around the third
millennium BCE.
• Evidence of the earliest wine production
in Balkans has been uncovered at archaeological
sites in northern Greece (Macedonia), dated to
4500 B.C. These same sites also contain
remnants of the world's earliest evidence of
crushed grapes. In Egypt, wine became a part of
recorded history, playing an important role in
ancient ceremonial life. Traces of wild wine
dating from the second and first millennia BCE
have also been found in China.
Wine tasting
• Wine tasting (often, in wine circles, simply tasting) is
the sensory examination and evaluation of wine. While
the practice of wine tasting is as ancient as its production,
a more formalized methodology has slowly become
established from the 14th century onwards. Modern,
professional wine tasters (such as sommeliers or buyers
for retailers) use a constantly evolving formal
terminology which is used to describe the range of
perceived flavors, aromas and general characteristics of a
wine. More informal, recreational tasting may use
similar terminology, usually involving a much less
analytical process for a more general, personal
appreciation.
Classification of wine
• The classification of wine can be done according
to various methods including, but not limited
to, place of origin or appellation, vinification
methods and
style, sweetness and vintage, or varietalused.
Practices vary in different countries and regions of
origin, and many practices have varied over time.
Some classifications enjoy official protection by
being part of the wine law in their country of origin,
while other have been created by, for example,
grower's organizations without such protection.