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Foundation of Second
Language Acquisition
L1 vs. L2
Saville-Troike, M. (2005). Introducing second
language acquisition. New York: Cambridge UP.
10-0925
The World of Second Languages
 Four
major language: Chinese, English, Spanish, and
Hindi
 Language
 Why
competence: Multilingual vs. Monolingual
to be Multilingual? Why learn another language?
(ST, p. 10)
The Nature of Language Learning

The role of natural ability: Innate capacity
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
6 months: phonemes
~ 5-6 yrs old: phonological + grammatical operations
Cut-off point: Critical Period
L1 acquisition ≠ IQ
The role of social experience: Innate capacity
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Appropriate social experiences: L1 input and interaction
Sources of L1 input and interaction: not just from parents
L1 vs. L2 acquisition
L1 vs. L2 Learning (p.17)
 L2
Initial State: Linguistic vs. Social vs. Psychological
Intermediate States:

Basic Process:
• Child Grammar vs. Learner Language (IL)
• Transfer from L1: Positive vs. Negative
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Necessary Conditions: Reciprocal vs. Self-study
Facilitating Conditions: Factors (p. 20)
 Final
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State:
Different Registers
Never Native: Fossilization
The Logical Problem of Lang Learning
(Chomsky, 1957, 1965)
 Children’s
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Production beyond Input:
L1 (positive evidence) vs. L2 (negative evidence)
 Constraints
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Constraints: concrete ＞ abstract
Principles: innate rules
 Universal
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and Principles in Learning L1/L2
Pattern of Development
Different focus between child and adult (p. 23)
Framework for SLA
 Please
refer to our discussion/handout on
Sept 18. You can also see the table on p.
28.