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Chapter 1
A Preview of the Cell
The Discovery of Cells
• Robert Hooke (1665), English microscopist
(Curator of the Royal Society)
– Cellula：little room (30X)
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1665-1675), Dutch
seller of clothes & buttons –he ground lenses &
made microscopes of remarkable quality (300X)
– First to observe the living cells
• Blood cells、sperm cells、bacteria、algae
and protozoa
Cell Theory
• Schwann in 1839
– All organisms consist of one or more
cells
– The cell is the basic unit of structure for
all organisms.
• Rudolf Virchow, German pathologist (1855)
– All cells arise only from preexisting cells
The Emergence of Modern Cell Biology
• The cytological strand deals with cellular
structure.
• The biochemical strand covers the
chemistry of biological structure and
function
• The genetic strand focuses on information
flow.
The cytological strand deals with
cellular structure
• The light microscope
• Visualization of living cells
• The electron microscope
The Light Microscope
• many types
– bright-field microscope (亮視野)
– dark-field microscope (暗視野)
– phase-contrast microscope (相位
差)
– fluorescence microscopes (螢光)
• are compound microscopes (複式)
– image formed by action of  2
lenses
Differential Interference Contrast
Microsocopy
• 分散干擾位差顯微鏡
• DIC：應用折射率不同的原理
–使用兩束光
–菱鏡使每束光散裂，因而增加標本
之對比
Electron Microscopy
• Scanning Electron Microscope
• Transmission electron microscopy
Confocal Microscopy
• confocal scanning laser
microscope
• laser beam used to illuminate
spots on specimen
• computer compiles images
created from each point to
generate a 3-dimensional image
The biochemical strand covers the
chemistry of biological structure and
function
• Subcellular fractionation
– Ultracentrifuge
• Chromatography(層析儀)
• Electophoresis (電泳)
• Mass spectrometry (質譜儀)
– Proteomics
The genetic strand focuses on
information flow
• Chromosomes
• DNA sequencing
• Bioinformatics