Transcript 下載/瀏覽Download

Qualitative Interviewing
MA1C0103
Wen
• There are three different basic approaches to
collecting data through open-ended interviews.
1. the informal conversational interview
2. the general interview guide approach
3. the standardized open-ended interview
The Informal Conversational Interview
• The most open-ended approach.
• Questions emerge from the immediate context and
are asked in the natural course of things.
• No predetermined set of questions is possible.
• In many cases, the same person may be interviewed
on a number of different occasions.
The Informal Conversational Interview
Strengths
• allows the interviewer/evaluator to be highly
responsive to individual differences and situational
changes
• questions can be individualized to establish in-depth
communication with the person being interviewed
• increases the salience and relevance of questions
• the interview can be matched to individuals and
circumstances
The Informal Conversational Interview
Weaknesses
• requires a greater amount of time to collect
systematic information
• different information collected from different people
with different questions
• less systematic and comprehensive
• data organization and analysis can be quite difficult
The Interview Guide Approach
• Topics and issues to be covered are specified in
advance, in outline form.
• Interviewer decides sequence and wording of
questions in the course of the interview.
The Interview Guide Approach
Strenghs
• the interviewer/evaluator has carefully decided how
best to use the limited time available
• Make interviewing across a number of different
people more systematic and comprehensive by
delimiting in advance the issues be explored.
• Useful in conducting group interviews.
The Interview Guide Approach
Weaknesses
• Important and salient topics may be inadvertently
omitted.
• Interviewer flexibility in sequencing and wording
questions can result in substantially different
responses from different perspectives, thus reducing
the comparability of responses.
The Standardized Open-Ended Interview
• The interview questions are written out in advance.
• All interviewees are asked the same basic questions
in the same order.
• Questions are worded in a completely open-ended
format.
The Standardized Open-Ended Interview
Strenghs
• Variation among interviewers can be minimized
where a number of different interviewers must be
used.
• It also makes data analysis easier.
• Respondents answer the same questions, thus
increasing comparability of responses.
• Permits evaluation users to see and review the
instrumentation used in the evaluation.
The Standardized Open-Ended Interview
Weaknesses
• It does not permit the interviewer to pursue topics
or issues that were not anticipated when the
interview was written.
• Little flexibility in relating the interview to particular
individuals and circumstances.
• Standardized wording of questions may constrain
and limit naturalness and relevance of questions and
answers.