Transcript WAFLER 2010 Water-less Urinals

Water-less Urinals
Martin Wafler, seecon international gmbh
Water-less Urinals
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The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or
supporting partner organisations.
Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox
will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide
ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation
and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and
the suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with
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Water-less Urinals
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Contents
1. Water-less urinals with rubber tube seal
2. Water-less urinals with curtain valve seal
3. Water-less urinals with sealant liquid
4. “Eco-Lily”
5. How it can optimise SSWM
6. Applicability
7. Advantages and disadvantages
8. References
Water-less Urinals
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1. Water-less urinals with rubber tube seal
Concept (adapted from GTZ 2009; http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/gtz2009-en-technology-review-urine-diversion.pdf)
• Uses a rubber tube that is flat at the
bottom when not in use (and hence blocks
odour from the sewer or urine storage
tank) but opens up when urine is flowing
through.
• This one-way valve allows passage of grit
up to 2 mm.
• Urine precipitates (“urine stone”), which
stick to the rubber tube need to be
cleaned off with water regularly
(otherwise the flat rubber tube does not
close properly anymore).
• The rubber tube needs to be replaced
around once a year.
Rubber tube seal
Water-less Urinals
Source: M. Wafler (2006)
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2. Water-less urinals with curtain valve seal
Concept (adapted from GTZ 2009; http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/gtz2009-en-technology-review-urine-diversion.pdf)
• similar to the rubber tube seal, but
designed to reduce maintenance
requirements
• has “self-cleaning properties” as a small
pressure difference forces the urine to
wet the whole inner surface between the
“curtains”, therefore flushing them clean
• For replacement of the curtain (if simple
cleaning is no longer possible), the entire
plastic casing is removed with a small
plastic extractor tool (without having to
touch the element by hand), then
discarded and replaced with a new unit
„Ki-Valve“
Curtain
Working principal of water-less urinal with curtain valve seal
Source: BACHMANN (2009). http://www.membran-ventile.ch/ [Accessed 31.05.2010]
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3. Water-less urinals with sealant liquid
Concept (adapted from GTZ 2009; http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/gtz2009-en-technology-review-urine-diversion.pdf)
• works with a biodegradable sealant liquid
(also called blocking fluid) which is made
of vegetable oils or aliphatic alcohols
Sealant
• The sealant liquid, with a specific gravity
of around 0.8, floats on top of the urine
contained in the trap and thus constitutes
an effective odour barrier
• Urine immediately penetrates the sealant
liquid and flows to the drain.
• Urine precipitates are collected in a
cartridge or inner cylinder of the trap.
• The maintenance program of waterless
Urine Sedimentation To Drain
urinals with a sealant liquid consists of
-chamber
cleaning of the urinal bowl, and the
regular exchange of the cartridge (or the
sealant liquid)
Working principal of water-less urinal with sealant liquid
Water-less Urinals
Source: SINAQUA (2007). http://www.sinaqua.de/ [Accessed 31.05.2010]
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4. “Eco-Lily”
Concept (adapted from GTZ 2009; http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/gtz2009-en-technology-review-urine-diversion.pdf)
• Simple, low-cost option
• Plastic funnel is inserted into the opening
of a plastic jerrycan
• An old light bulb or a table tennis ball is
placed into the funnel to act as odour
seal
Working principal of water-less urinal with sealant liquid
Source: SUSTAINABLE SANITATION (2009); http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3244/2957045465_aab1858c0f.jpg
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5. How it can optimise SSWM
Water-less urinals can help in optimizing your local water management
and sanitation system and make it more sustainable by:
• Reducing consumption of water (no flushing after urination)
• Allowing for neat collection of urine for reuse as liquid fertilizer
(after hygienisation)
Water-less Urinals
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6. Applicability
Water-less urinals are mainly installed (adapted from GTZ 2009):
• At heavily frequented places such as stadiums, road side stops,
stadiums, public facilities, schools, etc.,
• But also household that opt to collect neat urine for reuse
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7. Advantages and disadvantages
Water-less urinals with rubber tube seal
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
•can be cleaned many times
before having to be replaced
•rubber material is sensitive to
solvents, acids, and deodorising
tablets often used in urinals
Water-less urinals with curtain valve seal
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
•“self-cleaning properties”
flushing the “curtains” clean
•Not yet manufactured locally in
developing countries
•can be cleaned many times
before having to be replaced
Water-less Urinals
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7. Advantages and disadvantages
Water-less urinals with sealant liquid
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
•May be refilled with tick cooking
oil (this does not last as long as
the recommended liquid, but is
available almost everywhere)
•Accumulating urine precipitates
eventually render the trap
inoperative
•Foreign objects, such as
cigarette stubs, accelerate the
process
•Some sealant liquid cartridges
cannot be cleaned but need to be
replaced when they fail
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7. Advantages and disadvantages
“Eco-Lily”
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
•Low-cost
•light bulb/table tennis ball can
end up sticking to the funnel
•metal cap on the light bulb
contains heavy metals which can
contaminate the urine
(disadvantage of the light bulb
over the plastic ball)
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8. References
BACHMANN (2009). URL: http://www.membran-ventile.ch/ [Accessed 31.05.2010]
GTZ (2009). Urine Diversion Components – Technology Review. URL:
http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/gtz2009-en-technology-review-urine-diversion.pdf [Accessed
31.05.2010]
AQUA (2007). URL: http://www.sinaqua.de/ [Accessed 31.05.2010]
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“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation,
Water Management & Agriculture”
SSWM is an initiative
supported by:
Compiled by:
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