Transcript stanton levi sol 2014 sm

Motivation

China’s Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) use is increasing exponentially

Natural gas vehicles (NGV) present a new source of CH4

Methane (CH4) has a global warming potential 25 times that of CO2

Are NGV really a “bridge to the future”?
China Alternative Fuel Vehicles (www.cafv.com.cn): Report
on Market Development of China’s Natural Gas Vehicles
Sensors

Roof mounted sensors include:
NH3
CH4
N2O/CO
CO2/H2O Vapor
CARE-Beijing
(Campaigns of Air Quality Research in Beijing and Surrounding Regions)

Campaign ran from June 01 to July 01, 2014

Specifically interested in urban emissions primarily from:




Compressed and liquid natural gas vehicles
Waste water treatment plants
Landfills (both official and unofficial)
Drove more than 6,000 km comparing trace gas
concentrations in Beijing to surrounding agricultural regions
NGV Signatures in BaoDing
(保定), China

China’s compressed and
liquid natural gas vehicles
(NGV) are leaking more
than expected

The Chinese NGV emission
factor is about 30 times
higher than the Nam et al.
estimation for the United
State’s fleet

Increased regulation and
research is needed to ensure
that NGV do not have
unintended consequences
Nam, E. K., T. E. Jensen, and T. J. Wallington. "Methane Emissions
from Vehicles." Environmental Science & Technology 38.7 (2004):
2005-010. Web
(Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically
Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality)
Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and
Vertically Resolved observations relevant to Air Quality
July 15th – August 15th, 2014
Concentrated Animal
Feeding Operation (CAFO)

Princeton sampled 65 of
67 CAFOs in Weld
County

Preliminary data shows
rapid dry deposition of
nitrogen near large
sources of ammonia

Based upon mean wind
speeds and the
decreasing rate of the
ΔNH3/ΔCH4, the
lifetime of gas phase
NH3 was approximately
ten minutes in this near
source region.
Wind
NG
Drilling
Pad
0 km
Downwind
.8 km
Downwind
0 km
Upwind
.8 km
Upwind
Significance

Found that NGV are polluting more
than anticipated

Investigated CAFOs, oil and gas
facilities, waste water treatment
plants, agriculture, urban streets,
and Rocky Mountain National Park

Identified a higher than anticipated
rate of nitrogen dry deposition near
CAFOs
Acknowledgements
I would especially like to thank Levi Golston, Da Pan, Kang Sun, Lei
Tao, and Mark Zondlo, all of whom I spent many tireless days in the
field with.