Transcript CNG for passenger vehicles.pptx

CNG for passenger vehicles
A review of research and
investigation of real-world use
• 1 billion passenger vehicles in the world and
about 25% of those are in the United States.
• Recently, environmental and political pressures
have highlighted the need for alternative fuels
that are more readily available and the
combustion of which causes less environmental
pollution. Specifically, the corporate average fuel
economy (CAFE) standards that are being
imposed upon manufacturers of automobiles are
forcing them to greatly increase the fuel economy
of their vehicle fleets.
A piston sliding inside the cylinder draws fuel in,
ignites it, harnesses the power of the fuel as it
burns, and then exhausts it from the cylinder.
The simplest hydrocarbon is methane. It consists
of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen
atoms, designated CH4. More complex molecules
can be formed when carbon atoms bond to each
other as well as hydrogen atoms.
The basic thermodynamic cycle for the Otto cycle is
composed of two adiabatic/isentropic steps
(compression and expansion) and two isochoric
processes (combustion and exhaust).
Table 1: Vehicle Well to Wheels Emissions
Emissions
Gasoline
CNG
Electric
From Fuel Production and Distribution
100 g/mile equivalent
50 g/mile equivalent
125 g/mile equivalent
From Vehicle Operation
325 g/mile
250 g/mile
0 g/mile
Total
425 g/mile equivalent
300 g/mile equivalent
125 g/mile equivalent
Table 3: Vehicle Ownership Costs
Purchase Cost
Combined MPG
Fuel Cost
Cost per mile
Honda Civic
CNG Honda Civic
Ford Transit
CNG Ford Transit
Ford F-250
CNG Ford F-250
$18,500
$26,500
$29,500
$44,500
$42,500
$55,000
33
31
25
23.75
15
14.25
$3.70
$2.17
$3.70
$2.17
$3.70
$2.17
$0.11
$0.07
$0.15
$0.09
$0.25
$0.15
GMC Sierra 2500HD
$43,000
14
$3.70
$0.26
CNG GMC Sierra 2500HD
$53,000
13.3
$2.17
$0.16
Honda Civic Ownership Cost
$45,000.00
$40,000.00
$35,000.00
$30,000.00
$25,000.00
$20,000.00
$15,000.00
$10,000.00
$5,000.00
$0.00
Miles Driven
Civic Gasoline
Civic CNG
Payback period
(miles)
189,928
264,870
132,435
98,885