Transcript Bedmaking

Textbook for Nursing Assistants
Chapter 15: Bedmaking
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Linens and Other
Supplies for
Bedmaking
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Learning Objectives
• 1. Describe ways that a properly made bed can increase
a person’s comfort and well-being.
• 2.
List the different types of linens and their uses.
• 3. Demonstrate the proper way to handle and care for
linens.
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Linens
• Many types of linens are used to make a bed
• Linens that you may commonly see in use in
a health care facility include the following:
– Mattress pads
– Bottom and top sheets
– Draw sheets
– Bed protectors
– Blankets
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Linen and other supplies
–Pillows and pillowcases
–Bath blankets
• Occasionally, other equipment or supplies are used
on a person’s bed, depending on the specific needs
of the patient or resident. Some of the items used
include the following:
–A pressure-relieving mattress
–A bed board
–A bed cradle
–A footboard
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Linens: Mattress Pads
• A mattress pad is a thick layer of padding that
is placed on the mattress to help make the
bed more comfortable for the patient or
resident, and to protect the mattress from
moisture and soiling
• Fitted mattress pad
– Has elasticized sides that wrap around and
underneath the mattress, holding the pad
securely to the mattress
• Flat (non-fitted) mattress pad
– Pad is not secured to the mattress
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Linens: Bottom and
Top Sheets
• A bed is made with two sheets, a bottom
sheet and a
top sheet
• Bottom sheet may be
– Flat, or non-fitted
– Fitted
• The top sheet is a flat sheet.
• The sheets may be white or colored, plain or
print
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Linens: Draw Sheets
• A draw sheet is a small, flat sheet that is
placed over the middle of the bottom sheet,
covering the area of the bed from above the
person’s shoulders to below his or her
buttocks
• A lift sheet is simply a draw sheet that is
used to help lift or reposition a person who
needs assistance with moving in bed
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Linens: Bed Protector
• A bed protector is a square of quilted
absorbent fabric backed with waterproof
material
• It measures approximately 3 feet by 3 feet
• It may be disposable, or it may be laundered
and reused
• It is used for people who are incontinent or
have draining wounds
• Sometimes, only the bed protector needs to
be changed, resulting in more efficient and
economical care
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Linens: Blankets
• Blankets are usually woven cotton and
should be available as requested by a person
for his or her comfort
• Blankets may be of wool, cotton, or
synthetic, depending on the person’s
preference and the climate
• Electric blankets should be checked for faulty
wiring or plugs and may not be safe to use if
the person is incontinent or unable to adjust
the controls independently; should only be
used according to facility policy
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Linens: Bedspreads
• A bedspread adds the finishing touch to a
well-made bed and can add a decorative
touch to a person’s room
• Hospitals and extended-care facilities may
supply bedspreads for their patients to use
• Long-term care facilities may encourage
their residents to use their own bed
coverings
• Allowing a person to use his or her
bedspread from home is one way to foster a
sense of independence and individuality in
residents
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Linens: Pillows and Pillowcases
• Pillows are used for comfort and to aid in
positioning
• They may be available in many sizes, are
made from a variety of materials, and may
be covered with waterproof material or
treated with a waterproofing substance
• Pillows are always covered with clean
pillowcases
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Linens: Bath Blankets
• A bath blanket is a lightweight cotton
blanket or flannel sheet that is used to
provide modesty and warmth during a bed
bath or a linen change
• A flat sheet may also be used for this
purpose if the facility does not provide a
special bath blanket
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Linens: Pressure-Relieving Mattress
• May be placed on top of the regular mattress
to help prevent skin breakdown in patients
and residents who must stay in bed for long
periods of time
• Newer versions of pressure-relieving
mattresses may be filled with air or water,
and are made out of a material that is easily
cleaned
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Linens: Bed Board
• A bed board is a piece of wood (usually
plywood) that is placed under the mattress
to provide extra support
• It keeps the mattress from sagging, helping
to keep the person’s body properly aligned
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Linens: Bed Cradle
• A bed cradle is a metal frame
that is placed between the
bottom and top sheets to keep
the top sheet, the blanket, and
the bedspread away from the
person’s feet
• Bed cradles are often used for
people who are recovering from
burns to prevent the top sheet
from touching the burned skin,
which would be very painful
• They are also often used for
people who are at risk for
developing pressure ulcers on
their feet
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Linens: Footboard
• A footboard is a
padded board that
is placed upright at
the foot of the bed
• The person’s feet
rest flat against the
footboard, helping
to keep the feet in
proper alignment
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Handling of Linens
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Guidelines for Handling Linens
1.
WHAT YOU DO
WHY YOU DO IT
• Always wash your hands
before collecting clean linens
• Washing your hands
prevents microbes on your
hands from being transferred
to the clean linens
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Guidelines for
Handling Linens
2.
WHAT YOU DO
WHY YOU DO IT
• Do not hold linens,
clean or dirty, against
your uniform
• If you hold clean
linens against your
uniform, microbes on
your uniform could be
transferred to the
linens
• If you hold dirty
linens against your
uniform, microbes from
dirty linens could be
transferred to your
uniform
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Guidelines for Handling Linens
3.
WHAT YOU DO
WHY YOU DO IT
• When collecting linens,
collect only those that
you will need for that
person’s bed
• Extra linens brought
into a person’s room are
considered soiled and,
therefore, must not be
returned to the clean
linen cart or used for
another person
• These linens must now
be laundered, which
costs the facility extra
money and manpower
and creates additional
wear on the linens,
shortening their lifetime
of use
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Guidelines for Handling
Linens
4.
WHAT YOU DO
WHY YOU DO IT
• Collect linens in the
order that they will be
used and flip the stack
over so that the item
you will need first is on
the top of the stack
• Collecting linens in
the order that they will
be put on the bed helps
you to remember which
linens you need to
collect
• You will be able to
make the bed more
efficiently, without
searching through the
stack for the proper
item
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Guidelines for
Handling Linens
5.
WHAT YOU DO
WHY YOU DO IT
• Place clean linens
on a clean surface in
the room, such as
the over-bed table or
a chair
• Clean linens can
become
contaminated with
microbes if you place
them on a “dirty”
surface, such as the
floor
• Do not place clean
linens on the floor
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Guidelines for Handling
Linens
6.
WHAT YOU DO
•Wear gloves when
removing used linens
from a bed
•Roll the linens toward
the center of the bed to
confine the soiled area
inside
WHY YOU DO IT
•Any item contaminated with
blood or other body substances
is a potential source of
exposure to pathogens for the
health care worker
•Following the standard
precautions –wearing proper
(PPE) will help to minimize your
exposure
•Confining the soiled area to
the inside of the linens helps to
ensure that other people, such
as the people in the laundry, do
not come in contact with the
potentially infectious material
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Guidelines for Handling Linens
7.
WHAT YOU DO
WHY YOU DO IT
• If body fluids or substances leak
through the linens to the mattress or
bed frame, the mattress or bed
frame should be wiped with an
appropriate cleaning solution before
placing clean linens on the bed
• These infection control
methods help to prevent the
clean sheets from becoming
contaminated
• Remove your gloves and wash
your hands before handling the
clean linens
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Guidelines for Handling Linens
8.
WHAT YOU DO
WHY YOU DO IT
• After removing the dirty linens
from the bed, place them in the linen
hamper immediately
• Placing the dirty linens in
the linen hamper immediately
helps to control the spread of
infection
• Your facility may require you to
place dirty linens in a plastic bag or
pillowcase before placing them in the
linen hamper
• Do not place dirty linens on the
floor or on any other surface
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STOP & THINK
• Case Study 1
• You are making an occupied bed. There is no linen
hamper in the room, and you have already removed the
soiled linens from the bed. Mrs. O’Shea, the patient, is
lying on her side in the bed, covered with a bath blanket.
Discussion Points
• What should you do with the soiled linens until you can
take them to the linen room or hallway hamper?
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STOP & THINK
• Case Study 2
• Barbara is a PCT on 3 West. She has already
changed the bed linens twice during her shift for one
of her patients, Mrs. Bridges. Mrs. Bridges is receiving
chemotherapy for cancer, and one of the side effects
of the medication is uncontrollable diarrhea. When
Barbara answers Mrs. Bridges’ call light, she sadly
informs her that she just could not wait and has
soiled the bed again. As Barbara heads toward the
linen closet to collect her supplies, she is mentally
making a list of the items she needs to collect.
• Discussion Point---What are some items that
Barbara should remember to collect along with clean
sheets?
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Standard Bedmaking Techniques
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Learning Objectives
• 1. Describe the different techniques used to prepare a
closed, opened, surgical, and occupied bed .
• 2. Understand the infection control measures that are
used during bedmaking.
• 3. Demonstrate techniques of proper bedmaking,
including making a closed bed, opening a bed, preparing
a surgical bed, and making an occupied bed
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Standard Bedmaking Techniques
• Routine bedmaking is usually done in the morning,
before visiting hours, while your patients or
residents are bathing or dressing
• How often the linens on a person’s bed are changed
will vary according to the type of health care facility
and the person’s needs
• However, a person’s bed must be remade each time
any of the linens become soiled or excessively
wrinkled, regardless of the time of day
• Change as many of the bed linens as necessary to
ensure a clean, dry, wrinkle-free bed for your
patient or resident
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How to Make a Mitered Corner
• Mitering is a way of folding and tucking the
sheet so that it lies flat and neat against the
mattress
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Closed Bed
• A closed bed is an empty bed
• A bed that is unoccupied because the
previous patient or resident has been
discharged from the facility and a new
patient or resident has yet to arrive is
considered a closed bed
• A bed that is unoccupied because the patient
or resident is simply not in it at the moment
(and is not expected back any time soon) is
also considered a closed bed
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Open Bed
• When the top sheet, blanket, and bedspread
of a closed bed are turned back, or
fanfolded, the closed bed becomes an open
bed, or a bed ready to receive a patient or
resident.
• The wheels of an open bed should always be
loked and the bed should be in the lowest
position
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Surgical Bed
• A surgical bed is a closed bed that has been
opened to receive a patient or resident who
will be arriving by stretcher
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Occupied Bed
• Some conditions make it difficult or
impossible for a person to get out of
bed for a linen change. When this is
the case, it is necessary to change the
linens while the person is still in the
bed. This is called making an occupied
bed
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Guidelines for Bedmaking
1.
WHAT YOU DO
WHY YOU DO IT
• Always place linens on
the bed so that the
seams of the sheets face
away from the person’s
skin
• The seams of the
sheets can rub the
person’s skin, causing
irritation and leading to
skin breakdown
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Guidelines for Bedmaking
2.
WHAT YOU DO
WHY YOU DO IT
• Linens must be pulled
tightly to avoid wrinkling.
Layering should be kept to a
minimum
• The wrinkles and extra
layers of linens can cause
skin breakdown and
contribute to the formation of
pressure ulcers
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Guidelines for Bedmaking
3.
WHAT YOU DO
WHY YOU DO IT
• Linens should be changed
whenever they become soiled
or wet, regardless of the time
of day
• Besides causing discomfort,
soiled or wet sheets can
cause skin breakdown and
contribute to the formation of
pressure ulcers
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Guidelines for Bedmaking
4.
WHY YOU DO IT
WHAT YOU DO
• Recall that dust is a
• Do not shake
linens when placing transport mechanism
for microbes. Shaking
them on the bed
linens stirs up dust
from the floor. The dust
then settles on
surfaces in the room
and can be easily
transferred onto eating
utensils or into a
wound, causing an
infection
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Guidelines for Bedmaking
5.
WHAT YOU DO
• When you need to change the
linens on a person’s bed with
the person still in the bed,
always be sure to explain what
you are doing throughout the
procedure
WHY YOU DO IT
• This can be a very frightening
experience for a bedridden
person, particularly if the person
is unconscious
• Even if the person is
conscious, movement may cause
• Close the door, pull the privacy pain, and incontinence can be
curtain, and keep the person
very embarrassing if it occurs
covered
• If the person is mentally
impaired, he or she may become
combative
• Talk reassuringly to the
person, even if the person is
unconscious
• Always provide for privacy and
modesty by keeping the person
covered at all times
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Guidelines for
Bedmaking
6. WHAT YOU DO
• Check the bed linens
for personal items
before removing the
linens from the bed
WHY YOU DO IT
• Personal items may
become lost in the bed
linens
• Personal items may be
expensive and
inconvenient to replace
• If they hold
sentimental value, they
may be irreplaceable
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End of Presentation
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