Transcript (ppt)
What you will learn today • How to set effective goals for your personal Development – Lecture on Latham Reading To learn how to set effective goals, you need to know • Why do goals improve performance – Personal examples • What makes goals more effective in improving performance – Personal examples, research studies Why do goals improve performance Focus attention on behaviors that will attain goal Increase how hard one works on task Goals Lengthen time spent on task Improved Task Performance Promote use/discovery of knowledge needed to do task e.g., graduate school, glucose intolerance What makes goals more effective in improving Performance? Specificity & Difficulty of Goal Goals Knowledge to attain goal Feedback on progress toward goal Commitment to goal Situational Conditions Improved Performance Goals Specificity & Difficulty of Goal Improved Performance Evidence for how Goal Specificity & Difficulty Improves Performance • Unskilled, uneducated loggers paid at piece rate were randomly assigned to one of two groups Type of Goal Setting Performance Specific & Difficult Goal “Do your best” Goal High Low Review of B23 Why do specific & difficult goals result in better performance than ‘do your best’ goals? Do your best goals Specific & Difficult Goals •No external standard for Performance •Performance defined individually Clear performance standard Low Performance Hi Performance What makes goals more effective in improving Performance? Specificity & Difficulty of Goal Goals Knowledge to attain goal Feedback on progress toward goal Commitment to goal Situational Conditions Improved Performance Knowledge to attain goal Goals Improved Performance Knowledge to attain goals can be increased via.. Set Learning Goals Goals Knowledge to attain goal Provide Training Improved Performance Learning vs. Performance Goals – Learning goals = learn to network; master specific subject matter – Performance goals= attain specific GPA at end of semester Evidence on Learning Goals Performance Type of Goals GPA of MBA students Learning Goals Performance Goals High Low – Learning goals = learn to network; master specific subject matter – Performance goals= attain specific GPA at end of semester (cited in Latham & Locke, 2006) Why do learning goals Performance • Learning goals – facilitate planning, – focus on understanding the task, – monitoring & evaluating progress toward goal attainment – Such behaviors are especially needed in unstructured environments (cited in Latham & Locke, 2006) How MGTC90 increases knowledge On the goal of “improving skill” • Training: Research on how to improve skill • Outcome goal= get a 5 pt rating on a 7 pt scale • Learning goal (can be difficult & specific)=generate 10 concrete strategies by which you can obtain higher ratings • Sub-goal=generate 5 strategies by mid-semester Why do learning goals, training improve performance? Learning Goals Training Focus attention on understanding task and doing it effectively Goals Increase knowledge on how to do task Improved Performance What makes goals more effective in improving Performance? Specificity & Difficulty of Goal Goals Knowledge to attain goal Feedback on progress toward goal Commitment to goal Situational Conditions Improved Performance Knowledge to attain goals can be increased via.. Sub Goals Goals Feedback on progress toward goals Improved Performance Why do sub goals improve performance? Sub Goals Provides immediate feedback on whether Behavior is consistent with goals Goals Improved Performance What makes goals more effective in improving Performance? Specificity & Difficulty of Goal Goals Knowledge to attain goal Feedback on progress toward goal Commitment to goal Situational Conditions Improved Performance How can you increase commitment toward goals Making goal public Assigning goals that implicitly convey Confidence in performer Making goals important By rewarding their achievement Increased Commitment Evidence on how rewards commitment Type of Reward Money = Praise > Public Recognition Why do rewards affect commitment? Money/Praise Goal importance Goal Commitment How will you increase your commitment to goals? Goals Situational Conditions Improved Performance Evidence demonstrating how…. Goals Situational Conditions Improved Performance • High Role overload=having excess work without resources to accomplish task • Goals positively affect performance only when overload was low (cited in Latham & Locke, 2006) What you learned today • Why goals improve performance – – – – Focus attention Promote use of knowledge Increase amt of time on task Increase amt of effort on task • What makes goals more effective in improving performance – – – – – Commitment to goals Knowledge of how to attain goals Feedback on progress toward goals Specificity & difficulty of goals Situational constraints For exam… • In your skill development project, how did you … – – – – make your goals specific and difficult? increase knowledge to accomplish goals? Increase commitment to goals overcome situational obstacles