Transcript Sra. Van Voris's PowerPoint on stem-changing verbs in the preterite

Stem-changing Verbs:
Preterite Tense
Much like stem-changing verbs in the
present, these verbs have a spelling
change in the stem that occurs in
certain forms.
Let’s review
Stem-changing verbs have a
spelling change in the stem.
The stem can be identified by
dropping off the infinitive ending
(-AR, -ER or –IR)
There are 4 types of stem-changing
verbs:
E > IE, E > I, O > UE and U > UE.
To figure out what kind of
change takes place…..
• First, identify the stem. Drop off the
infinitive ending – the letters that are left
are called the “stem”.
COMENZAR
• Next, look at the vowel that is CLOSEST
to the end of the stem. That’s the vowel
that will change.
Stem-changing verbs are regular
verbs (because they follow a
pattern) and, therefore, will use
regular –AR, -ER and –IR endings:
-AR
-É
-AMOS
-ASTE -ASTEIS
-Ó
-ARON
-ER/-IR
-Í
-IMOS
-ISTE
-ISTEIS
-IÓ
-IERON
Present tense stem-changing verbs
all follow the same pattern.
Juego
Jugamos
Juegas
Jugáis
Juega
Juegan
The change can be seen in all
forms except NOSOTROS and
VOSOTROS
Juego
Jugamos
Juegas
Jugáis
Juega
Juegan
These verbs are referred to as “boot” or “shoe” verbs.
Not so with stem-changing
verbs in the preterite!
Why???
Because the pattern in preterite is
different.
Juego
Jugamos
Juegas
Jugáis
Juega
Juegan
These verbs are referred to as “sandal” or “slipper” verbs
since they change in 3rd person only.
One more condition… the verb has
to be an –IR infinitive
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
sentir
vestirse
divertir
preferir
repetir
pedir
despedir
conseguir
seguir
decir
competir
• dormir
• morir
Notice that there are two
categories.
In the preterite, there are only two
types of changes: E changes to I
and O changes to U.
E
E
O
O
E
E
O
O
I
I
U
U
Sentir – To feel
E
Sentí
I
Sentimos
Sentiste Sentisteis
Sintió
Sintieron
Competir – To Compete
E
I
Competí Competimos
Competiste Competisteis
Compitió Compitieron
Vestirse – To Dress
E
I
Me vestí Nos vestimos
Te vestiste
Os vestisteis
Se vistió Se vistieron
Pedir – To order, ask for
E
Pedí
I
Pedimos
Pediste
Pedisteis
Pidió
Pidieron
Dormir – To Sleep
O U
Dormí Dormimos
Dormist
Dormisteis
e
Durmió Durmieron
Morir – To Die
O
Morí
U
Morimos
Moriste
Moristeis
Murió
Murieron
And then there’s
REÍR…
Reír – To Laugh
E
Reí
I
Reímos
Reíste
Reísteis
Rió
Rieron
Sonreír conjugates the same way.
Let’s do some practice!
(get those white boards out)
Conjugate the stem-changing
verb for the subject provided.
Use THE PROCESS if you can
and your notes only if you
need to.
Pedir (yo)
pedir
pedí
I asked for
Dormir (Paco)
dormir
durmió
Paco slept
Almorzar (ellas)
almorzar
almorzaron
They had lunch
Entender (Uds.)
entender
entendieron
You (all) understood
Servir (el restaurante)
servir
sirvió
The restaurant
served
Empezar (tú)
empezar
empezaste
You began
Morir (tú y yo)
morir
morimos
You and I died
Why no stem-change?
Costar (el libro)
costar
costó
The book cost
Vestirse (ellas)
vestirse
se vistieron
They dressed
What do you remember about
stem-changing verbs?
• Stem-changing verbs have a ________
change in the stem.
• That change will happen in which
forms?
• There are _____ types of stem-changing
verbs in preterite tense. (Can you name
them?)
• The vowel _____ ____ ____ ______ _______
is the one that changes.
• What are the two conditions to be a
stem-changing verb in the preterite?