Transcript chapter13_section03_and04editedsmbtouse.ppt

13.3
The Nature of Solids
In 1985, scientists discovered a
new form of carbon. They
called this form of carbon
buckminsterfullerene, or
buckyball for short. You will
learn how the arrangement of
particles in solids determines
some general properties of
solids.
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13.3
The Nature of Solids
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A Model for Solids
A Model for Solids
How are the structure and properties of
solids related?
The general properties of solids reflect
the orderly arrangement of their
particles and the fixed locations of their
particles.
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A Model for Solids
The melting point (mp) is the temperature at
which a solid changes into a liquid.
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Crystal Structure and Unit Cells
In a crystal, the particles are arranged in an
orderly, repeating, three-dimensional pattern
called a crystal lattice.
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Crystal Structure and Unit Cells
Three kinds of unit cells can make up a cubic
crystal system.
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Crystal Structure and Unit Cells
Allotropes
Allotropes are two or more different
molecular forms of the same element in the
same physical state.
• Allotropes have different properties
because their structures are different.
• Only a few elements have allotropes.
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Crystal Structure and Unit Cells
Carbon Allotropes
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Crystal Structure and Unit Cells
Non-Crystalline Solids
An amorphous solid lacks an ordered internal
structure.
• Rubber, plastic, asphalt, and glass are
amorphous solids.
• A glass is a transparent fusion product of
inorganic substances that have cooled to a
rigid state without crystallizing.
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The Nature of Solids
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Sublimation
Sublimation
When can sublimation occur?
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Sublimation
The change of a substance from a solid to a
vapor without passing through the liquid state is
called sublimation.
Sublimation occurs in solids with vapor
pressures that exceed atmospheric
pressure at or near room temperature.
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Sublimation
When solid iodine is
heated, the crystals
sublime, going directly
from the solid to the
gaseous state. When the
vapor cools, it goes
directly from the gaseous
to the solid state.
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The Nature of Solids
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Concept Map 13
Solve the Concept Map with the help of an
interactive guided tutorial.
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