Water usage - U.S.A. and China Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare.
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Transcript Water usage - U.S.A. and China Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare.
Water usage - U.S.A. and China
Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare.
Quabbin Reservoir
Source
Reservoirs: 477 billion gallons
Quabbin Reservoir: 412 billion gallons
Wachusett Reservoir: 65 billion gallons
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
MWRA Water Supply
215
Million gallons per day
Quabbin holds 4 year supply
Image courtesy of Massachusetts Water Resources Authority
MetroWest Tunnel
$728M
17.6
miles, 14’ diameter
200-500’ deep
100 million gallons/d
7 years
Completed 2004
Image courtesy of Massachusetts Water Resources Authority
Blue Hills Covered Storage
(20M gallons;180M gallons total)
Supply and Demand
Image courtesy of Massachusetts Water Resources Authority
Reduction in average water use
was achieved through:
Vigorous leak detection and repair efforts on MWRA and community
pipes
Retrofitting 370,000 homes with low-flow plumbing devices
A Water Management Program for area businesses, municipal
buildings and nonprofit organizations
Extensive public information and school education programs
A change in the state plumbing code requiring new toilets to be 1.6
gallon per flush
Meter improvements that helped track and analyze community water
use
New water-efficient technology that has created reductions in
residential use
Water pipeline replacement and rehabilitation projects throughout
the MWRA and community systems.
Household Water Usage
Town
Water Usage
http://www.mwra.com/monthly/wsupdat/archiv
ecomwatuse.htm
Water
Saving Tips
http://www.mwra.com/comsupport/conserv
ation/hometips.htm
Water Use Homework
Calculate
how much water you use per
week (per person).
What are the different uses of water in
your house?
How often do you use this water per week?
How fast is the water supplied?
How many people use this water?
Show
calculations
Solutions
Reducing Water Waste
• Redesign manufacturing processes
• Repair leaking underground pipes
• Landscape yards with plants that
require little water
• Use drip irrigation
• Fix water leaks
• Use water meters
• Raise water prices
• Use waterless composting toilets
• Require water conservation in watershort cities
• Use water-saving toilets, showerheads,
and front loading clothes washers
• Collect and reuse household water to
irrigate lawns and nonedible plants
• Purify and reuse water for houses,
apartments, and office buildings
• Don't waste energy
Fig. 14-21, p. 327
What Can You Do?
Water Use and Waste
• Use water-saving toilets, showerheads, and faucet aerators.
• Shower instead of taking baths, and take short showers.
• Stop water leaks.
• Turn off sink faucets while brushing teeth, shaving, or washing.
• Flush toilets only when necessary.
• Wash only full loads of clothes or use the lowest water-level for
smaller loads.
• Use recycled (gray) water for lawn, gardens, house plants,
car washing.
• Wash a car from a bucket of soapy water, and use the hose for
rinsing only.
• If you use a commercial car wash, try to find one that recycles its
water.
• Replace your lawn with native plants that need little if any watering
and decorative gravel or rocks.
• Water lawns and gardens in the early morning or evening.
• Sweep or blow off driveways instead of hosing off with water.
• Use drip irrigation and mulch for gardens and flowerbeds.
Fig. 14-25, p. 333