Transcript MASIPAG Farmers` Guarantee System
The new hunting ground is not the best…
2
GMOs
Climate Change Market speculation / Futures
Land grabbing Land conversion
Peak Oil
BIGAS(Rice) Conference, 1985
Failure of Green Revolution:
• Loss of local varieties • More inputs, higher costs • More pests, new biotypes • Infertile soils • Degraded environment • Poisoning
>>Farmers “forgot how to grow rice”
= Farmers’ greater indebtedness, rural poverty
The Beginnings: Farmers
Victims of social injustice Complained of the direct effects and impacts of the green revolution Pushed the implementation of an alternative farming system Willingness to participate, help, and lead
MASIPAG Magsasaka at Siyentipiko para sa Pag-unlad ng Agrikultura
(Farmer-Scientist Partnership for Development): organized in 1986 as partnership between farmers , scientists and NGOs as alternative approach to the Green revolution Goal:
Empower resource-poor farmers through
access and control of production resources (seeds, technology, land)
Farmer-Scientist Partnership:
The MASIPAG Experience Partners: • Farmers, through their organizations
(wealth of experience)
• Non-Government Organizations
(organizing skills)
• Scientists
(experimentation skills)
Empowerment of farmers through:
• • • • • • Farmers’ control of seeds Farmers’ control of technology Farmers’ control of other resources Shared leadership in organizations Mastery in technology generation Articulation of needs and pursuit of aspirations
Strategies
Programs
Collection, Identification, Maintenance, Multiplication and Evaluation (CIMME)
Breeding (Rice, Corn, Livestock)
Soil Fertility Management Alternative Pest Management (APM)
Diversified-Integrated Farming System (DIFS) Farmer-developed / adapted technology Network Strengthening Local Processing and Marketing Advocacy
Strategic Role of Farmers’ Organization
Effective coordination, multiplier Planning and decision making Mutual support Ensure diffusion of benefits Sustainability of activities
MASIPAG Farmers’ Organizations (PO)
Luzon: 90 POs
Nueva Ecija: 8, Pangasinan: 9, Zambales: 7, Camarines Sur: 16, Occidental Mindoro: 1, Nueva Viscaya: 11, Isabela: 6, Cagayan: 2, Quezon: 7, Pampanga: 1; Rizal: 1; Abra: 2; Kalinga/Apayao: 3; Laguna: 1; Palawan: 4, Ilocos Norte: 1, Albay: 1, La Union: 1
Visayas: 174 POs
Negros Occidental: 95, Ilo ï lo: 18, Antique: 13, Aklan: 12, Leyte: 7, Bohol: 1; Capiz: 12; Southern Leyte: 16; E. Samar: 2; N. Samar: 6
Mindanao: 390 POs
Agusan del Norte: 34; Agusan Sur: 35; Bukidnon: 26; Compostela Valley: 1; Davao City: 39; Davao Norte: 29; Davao Oriental: 16; Davao del Sur: 9; Lanao del Norte: 11; Lanao del Sur: 4; Maguindanao: 10; Misamis Occidental: 18; Misamis oriental: 14; North Cotabato: 16; Saranggani: 2; South Cotabato: 6; Sultan Kudarat: 11; Surigao Norte: 7; Surigao Sur: 13; Zamboanga del Norte: 24; Zamboanga Sibugay: 15; Zamboanga del Sur: 50 Masipag in 49 Provinces
Members Undergo the Following Process:
Organizing Sustainable Agriculture orientation Establish a trial farm
-monitor agronomic characters -conduct field day -select locally adapted
Thematic trainings Diffusion between farmers and between POs
Training:
Level 1
-
Basic orientation on Sustainable Agric.
(Global, national, and local situation of food and agriculture, the green and gene revolutions, Masipag as an alternative)
Level 2
- Soil Fertility Management (SFM) - Breeding (rice, corn, chicken) - Alternative Pest Management (APM)
-
Diversified and Integrated Farming System (DIFS) - Masipag Farmer Guarantee System (MFGS)
Level 3 ( Trainor’s training)
Diffusion through People’s Organizations
Interested
Farmers / LGU
Organize
Organization
Other Farmers Orientation
Training
Breeding Experiment
New Technology
Field Day /Advocacy
Trial Farm
Observe / Characterize
New Selection Increased Yield, Improved Income Locally Adapted Variety
A. Seed Conservation and Diffusion
1. Farmers collect rice varieties ( CIMME ) > C ollection, I dentification, M ultiplication, M aintenance, E valuation) 2. Farmers organize and given SA orientation 3. Establish a trial farm (laboratory
cum -monitor agronomic characters -conduct field day -select locally adapted
4. Farmers’ training seed bank) 5. Do B reeding and further selection 6. Diffusion of seeds and knowledge among farmers
Collection, development and use of TRVs:
1,105 Traditional Rice Varieties collected 1,085 Masipag rice developed 506 Farmer-bred selections 75 Native corn varieties 6 native chicken gene pool
Masipag Rice conservation and Seed support system National Back-up Farm 2,160 rice Selections varieties & Regional (2), Provincial (9) Back up farms 300 to 1,200 rice varieties & selections PO-managed Trial farms (223) At least 50 varieties per TF Verification farms Farm Production 6 to 24 varieties At least 3 varieties
B. Rice Breeding by Farmers 67 farmer-breeders 506 rice developed
C. Role of Farmer managed Trial Farm
Farmers’ laboratory Develop site-specific varieties Develop site-specific technology Seed bank Creative organizing Advocacy
Farmer-Managed Trial Farms in 49 Provinces
Luzon (83):
Nueva Ecija: 8, Pangasinan: 2, Zambales:1, Camarines Sur: 13, Occidental Mindoro: 10, Nueva Viscaya: 9, Isabela: 18, Cagayan: 1, Quezon: 14, Pampanga: 1; Antipolo: 2; Abra: 2, Ilocos Norte: 1, La Union: 1
Visayas (81):
Negros Occidental: 29, Negros Oriental: 1, Iloïlo: 10, Antique: 17, Aklan: 1, Cebu: 2, Leyte: 10, Bohol: 1; Capiz: 5; Eastern Samar: 5
Mindanao (61):
North Cotabato: 5, Agusan del Norte: 1; Davao City: 1, Davao del Sur: 1; Lanao Norte: 2, Zamboanga del Sur: 3, Zamboanga del Norte: 15; Misamis Oriental: 1, Bukidnon: 6; Compostela Valley: 1; Maguindanao: 3; South Cotabato: 3; Sultan Kudarat: 2; Surigao del Norte: 5; Zamboanga Sibugay: 11
Locally Adapted MASIPAG Rice and TRVs
Kalinga
– Onay
Pangasinan
– Lamyung, Bulik, Mogen, Cinamon, , Pandan, Sampaguita, Parirutong, India, Resco, Imp. Milagrosa, C22, M45, M3-4-1-2, M69-2-1, M120-4, M10-2-2-5, M44-3, M4-B1, M5-B1, M40-2-2, M44-1, M140-2, M8-3-1
Cagayan
– Elon-elon, Ag 5, M8-3-1, M35-1-1, M45-1, M69-4-1
Nueva Vizcaya
– Pinili, Hinomay, Valentino, Ag 19, M11-20, M3-6, M109, M5-6, M45, M90, M11-20SG, M5-1, M30-1, M135-1, M19, 102
Zambales
-, Fortuna, Pandan, Japanese 3, C21, M45, M11R
Aurora
– Elon-elon, Camoros, Sampaguita, Wag-wag Aga, Palawan, Raminad, Londan-honay, Galo, Ag 5, Ag 17, Kadali, Ag 27, White Borong, Fortuna, M21, M6-11-1, M3, M4, M35
Oriental Mindoro
– Elon-elon, Ka Luis, AG5, GV3, M13, XO, M97, M11, M45-1
Nueva Ecija
- Wag-wag Aga, Senador, AG5, AG10, Abra white, C22, M115-R, M146-1, M4-3-1, M45-1, M21-2-B2, M104-2R, M108-1R, M35-4-1, M69-2-2, M5-BD-2, M130-3, M48-1-1, M11-5-1, M86-3-1, M21, M11, M69, M5B2, M30, M45, M36-4-2, M4-3-1
Laguna
– Wag-wag Aga, Sampaguita, BS Nagkarlan, Africa, M5-AS, M8-2-1, M62-1-2, M45, M5-B-2, M13-1-1, M13-1-1B, M36-4-1, M30-10-1B, M4-3-1, M3-2-1, M10-2-1
Quezon
– AG17, AG5, M41, M35, M12-21
Antique Aklan
– Imp. Camoros, M45-1, M15-12-1, M11-5-1, M31-37-B4, M21-b1-1, M76-4-1, M2-1-1, M5-CS, M125-2, M140-1, M13-2 1B, M5-A1, M11-5-1, M36-2-1 – AG5, AG10, 16-70D, San Pablo, Minantika, Red Rice, M5-BD, M5-CS, M21 B3, M21-B1-1, M21-37-B4, M36-1, M36-3, M36-4-1, M62-1-1, M104-2, M139-2
Capiz
– Libtong Mal, Milagrosa, Kadidit, Ag 23, M16-3, M115-1R, M114-4
Negros Occidental
– Wag-wag, AG10, AG5, Binangan, Dinorado, Fortuna, Imp. Borong, Imp. Milagrosa, Inuwak, Macan, Red Borong, Sampaguita, White Borong, Zambales, 2R-IN, 90D-42, 90D-43, 90D-44 Bugana Rice, GL1-8-1, GL4-5-5, GL4-9, M10-2-1, M104-1R, M11-20-1, M117-1R, M127-3, M13-2, M133-1, M139-1, M15-12-1, M20-1, M21 37-B4, M22-2-1, M36-1, M36-4-1, M4-4B, M5-BD, M50-1-1, M50-2, M5-AS, M62-1-1, M62-1-2, M6-6, M69-3-1, M8-2-1, M8-3-1, M90-2, M90-LG, MV4-4, Mv4-8
Iloilo
- Kagingi, Imp. Camoros, Malido, Lubang, Inuwak, red Borong, M15-12-1R, M10-2-1
Bohol -
Melobina, Maragay, Ag 5, Magsanaya, M148-1, SKK
Zamboanga del Sur
– White Bengawan, Red Elon-elon, Red Wag-wag, AG5, AG17, C35, M101-1-1, M112-4, M115-6, M76-3-1, M8-1-1-2, M86-4-1, M97-2-1, M35-1-4-1, M97-ES, M5-AS, M15-12
Lanao del Norte
– Ala, Wag-wag Aga, Sulig, Hinumay, AG5, M15-12-1, M19, M68, M91, M86-4-1, M109, M117-1-1R, M108-1R, M36-2, M86-4-1, M8-3-1
Bukidnon
– Lubang, C18, Senador, Wag-wag Aga, Bengawan Puti, red Elon-elon, Red Borong, AG24, Bogret, Makagina, Mamintana, Pungko, Sologanon, SP Red, Sta. Maria, Sto. Niño, Sulig, AG5, Maligaya Rice, AG10, Puro-puro, Red Binato, M5-BD, C11-4, Dong Red, M76-1, M94, M15-12-1, M3-4-1, M35-3-1, M51-1-1, M51-2, M5-C, M70-1W, M75-1, M86-1, M90-LG, M93-1
South Cotabato
– San Pablo, AG5, M2, M3-1-1, M5-CS
Camarines Sur
– AG24, Elon-elon, M5 A, M48, M70, M102, M103, M106, M107, M110, M112, M128, M131, M143
Agusan del Norte
- Palay Damo, AG5, AG10, Sta. Maria, San pablo, Carandang, Bengawan, Jap 1, Tapol 1, India, M5-AS, M117, M11-20-1, M11-20-B2, M4-4B, M5C, MC14-2R, M87-W, M6-14-1-1
Surigao del Sur
– San Pablo, M2-1-1, M5-BD, M13-2-1B, M3-4-1, M93-1
Davao del Norte
– AG5, Layong Mabilog, Cicadiz, Sampaguita, Milagrosa, Hinumay, Malagkit, Tinangi, Bogret, Camoros, San Pablo, Red Wag wag, Wag-wag Aga, M35, 4-11-90, M21-4-1, M58, M50, M59, M75-1, M4-4-B2
Davao del Sur
– AG5, M117-3, M15-12-1, M117, M95-5, M5-AS
North Cotabato
– C21, Moguama Africa, Nagdami, Vahari, Vadani, BS Nagkarlan, Maligaya Rice, Pinitumpo, AG5, Puro puro, San pablo, Tinagi, M35-1-2-1, M67-2-1, M5-BD, M26-4-1, M115-1A, M108-1R, M5-C3, M5-CS, M4-4B, M36-4-1, M14-1-1, M11-6-1, M123-2, M129-1, M10-2-2-5, M11-20-1, M11-6-1, M30-10-1B, M36-4, M-AS, M5-B2, M94-4-1,, M11-6-1, M126-1 2, M13-21B, M131-1, M146-1, 21-2-B2, M15-12-1
RESULTS: Number of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) and Masipag rice with desired characteristics.
Characteristic / Adaptation
High tillering capacity Good ratooning ability Low fertility soils Drought tolerance Saltwater tolerance Flooding tolerance Pest/disease resistance Red / Black/Violet
Traditional rice varieties -
12 8 7 1 6 152
Masipag rice
42 24 36 9 12 7 17 79
Drought tolerant – M6-14-1R Drought tolerant – Red Borong, Zambales MLD 4-1 Legends: Farmer-bred lines Traditional rice varieties MASIPAG Selections Climate Change-ready varieties Solano, Nueva Vizcaya Drought tolerant – Elon elon, San Vicente, Palawan, M160-1 Patnongon, Antique Calabanga, Cam Sur Bato, Cam Sur Alimodian, Iloilo Batbatngon, Leyte Libagon, Southern Leyte Sta. Josefa, Agusan del Sur Malng, North Cotabato Salt Water tolerant– Loreto, Binulungan, M115 1R, M45-1 Flood tolerant – M115-1R, M160-1, M45-1, PBB 401 M116-2, Drought tolerantt – Senador, Hubanib Drought tolerant – M148-2, M394-1, M51 2, M177-3, M74-1 Flood tolerant – JDC 3 , JDC8, Dalagang Bukid Drought tolerant – M4-3-1, Hinumay Sultan Kudarat, Saranggani Salt water tolerant – Binulawan Jasmine, Kanoni, Elon-elon, Makaginga,
Green manure
D. Soil Fertility Management
Fermented Plant Juice, Fish Amino Acid, Indigenous microorganisms Compost, Vermicompost
E. Alternative Pest Management
Farm Management Practices •
Soil nutrient management
•
Method and time of planting
Crop and Varietal • •
Water management Crop rotation
Diversification Maintain
Soil fertility
Insect Pest,Pathogen, Weed Ecological Balance Technology Development by Farmers
F. Diversified and Integrated Farming System (DIFS)
• Diversification is insurance against stochastic events > 3-5 varieties of rice per farmer > Diversification in time (crop rotation) > Diversification in space (vertical space, horizontal space) > Diversification by use > Diversified and Integrated Farming System (DIFS) = a farm plan is needed
DIFS: more sources, more food, more income
DIFS and multifunctionality Ducks: Natural pest control • Maintain stock resources in the Farm Livestock: Bank in the backyard !
G. Poultry Gene Pool and Development
Nine PO managed chicken gene pool
No Regrets Adaptation to Climate change: Cultivation of survival crops: • Tuber crops are
food insurance
(sweet potato, cassava, taro, yam) • Resilient crops (banana) • Sturdy crops (coconut)
> non-traditional food crops and animals • Drought tolerant (sorghum, pigeon pea)
H. Farmer-developed and Adapted technologies
Pangi leaves used as botanical pest control by Doming of Zamboanga del Sur Carabao driven rotary used in rice farming by Abraham of Sultan Kudarat
Organic farming for rural development
• Organic farming: use resources within the farm > Green Manuring
(biofertilizers)
> Crop and animal wastes
(as organic fertilizers)
> Vermicomposting > Companion crops
>>> reduces farmers’ economic exposure to risks (less production costs)
Reduce vulnerability through farmer based adaptive strategies
• Diversification > 3-5 varieties of rice per farmer > Diversified and Integrated Farming Systems > Tuber crops
(food insurance)
> non-traditional food crops and animals > Green Manuring
(biofertilizers)
> Livestock
(bank in the backyard)
> Medicinal plants
backyard) (pharmacy in the
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MASIPAG Farmers’ Guarantee System:
•
Organic standards
•
Internal quality control
•
Product and market development
•
Processing facilities
•
Management capacity bldg.
I. Local marketing of organic products
J. Advocacy
• Advocacy against development aggression:
-GMOs, patenting of life, corporate control -Mining -Aerial spraying -Land grabbing and land conversion -Biofuels
• Advocacy in favor of:
- agrarian reform - susag/organic ag and food security
>> practical work is our best advocacy
Improved Income:
Net agricultural income per hectare, 2007 (Pesos) Luzon Visayas Masipag Organic Masipag In Conversion 24,412** 22,868** 18,991** 16,039** Mindanao Average 23,715 ns 23,599*** ** = highly significant differences *** = very highly significant differences Ns = no significant difference 17,362 ns 17,457*** Chemical Faming 13,403** 13,728** 19,588 ns 15,643***
As organization and network:
635 Peoples Organizations; 35,000+ farmers 60 Non-Government Organizations 15 Scientist-partners 67 farmer rice breeders; 12 corn breeders 100+ volunteer farmer-trainers
On-farm research resources
223 PO-managed trial farms +10 back-up 9 PO-managed native chicken gene pools Active in 49 provinces
Summary MASIPAG works on:
•
• •
• • •
Farmers’ Empowerment Biodiversity conservation Sustainable agriculture and farming Organic production and marketing Food security and Poverty alleviation Coping mechanism to climate change
>> Not Green or Gene revolution but “Farmer revolution”
>>
A partnership, a network, a philosophy and a way of life
Some Lessons in Participatory Research
Agricultural problems have technological as well as non-technological solutions Certain degree of trust and confidence building as well as leveling-off is needed R & D should be farmer-centered, not project-, discipline-, scientist-, agency-, or NGO-centered Need-driven, not fund driven
Some Lessons in Participatory Research
Farmers’ counterparting and no dole-outs should be observed Sense of ownership by the farmers should be inculcated Organization has multiplier and sustainability effect Change and development should only be as fast as the farmers can assimilate
Source: Barefoot Guide to Organizations
Wanderer, your footsteps are on the road, Wanderer, there is no road, The road is made by walking.
Antonio Machado The paths are not to be found, but made And the activity of making them Changes both the maker and the destination.
John Schaar