Transcript netschool - biomolecule notes.pptx

Organic Compounds – Contain Carbon
Notes
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Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide: one sugar unit
Examples: glucose (C6H12O6)
deoxyribose
ribose
glucose
Fructose
Galactose
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Carbohydrates
Disaccharide: two sugar unit
Examples:
– Sucrose (glucose+fructose)
– Lactose (glucose+galactose)
– Maltose (glucose+glucose)
glucose
glucose
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Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide: many sugar units
Examples:
starch (bread, potatoes)
glycogen (beef muscle)
cellulose (lettuce, corn)
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
cellulose
glucose
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Lipids
Lipids are hydrophobic –”water fearing”
Do NOT mix with water
Includes fats,
waxes,
steroids, oils
and
phospholipids
Made of CHO
in no ratio
FAT MOLECULE
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Function of Lipids
Fats store energy, help to insulate the body,
cushion and protect organs, and provide
barriers
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Lipids & Cell Membranes
• Cell membranes are made of
lipids called phospholipids
• Phospholipids have a head that
is polar & attract water
(hydrophilic)
• Phospholipids also have 2 tails
that are nonpolar and do not
attract water (hydrophobic)
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Steroids
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is
the “base
steroid” from
which your body
produces other
steroids
Estrogen
Testosterone
Estrogen & testosterone are also steroids
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Synthetic Anabolic Steroids
They are variants of
testosterone
Some athletes use
them to build up
their muscles quickly
They can pose
serious health risks
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Proteins
All proteins are made of 20 different
amino acids linked in different orders
Proteins are used to control reactions,
regulate cell processes, form bone and
muscles, transport, and fight diseases,
and do much of the work in a cell
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Proteins Examples
Many proteins act as biological catalysts or
enzymes
Hemoglobin (carries oxygen in blood)
Actin, Myosin, Antibodies, Protein
Channels, Insulin
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Protein Structures or CONFORMATIONS
Hydrogen bond
Pleated sheet
Polypeptide
(single subunit)
Amino acid
(a) Primary structure
Hydrogen bond
Alpha helix
(b) Secondary
structure
(c) Tertiary
structure
(d) Quaternary structure
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Nucleic Acids
Store hereditary information
Contain information for making all
the body’s proteins
Two types exist --- DNA &
RNA
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Nucleic Acids
Nucleic
acids are
polymers of
nucleotides
Nitrogenous base
(A,G,C, or T)
Phosphate
group
Thymine (T)
Sugar
(deoxyribose)
Phosphate
Base
Sugar
Nucleotide
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