Chapter 7 and Chapter 6 review

The American Revolutionary War

Review from Chapter 6 section 3 and 4

• Join or Die political cartoon: Benjamin Franklin created to convince the colonist to fight with Britain against the French in the French and Indian war.

1.With your partner analyze cartoon in your journal. What does the snake represent? 2.What is the political Message?

Reaction to the Intolerable Acts

• • • • Colonists believed that the Coercive Acts were “intolerable” so they assembled the first Continental Congress.

In this congress they decided to train a militia and boycott British goods until King George III repealed the Intolerable Acts( Coercive Acts) English Parliament stood firm and placed increased restrictions on and colonial trade and sent more soldiers.

England sent troops to Lexington and Concorde to seize weapons and ammunition . They were going to capture John Hancock and Sam Adams

Lexington and Concorde April 1775- After being warned by Paul Revere, open warfare broke out between British Soldiers and colonial minutemen. It was the “Shot heard around the world”

Patriot is one who supports independence. Loyalist is one who supports the British and King George III. What information can you gather from the graph? How could the colonist convince the Neutral people to their side?

Chapter 6 section 4 : Declaring Independence!

Common Sense: written by Thomas Paine to convince the Loyalists and neutral colonists to support the patriots. He declares there is no benefit for the colonists to stay under British rule. Economically, colonists could benefit by trading with all European countries and monarchies were corrupt.

2 nd

Continental Congress – All the colonies sent delegates and they voted to support Massachusetts in its fight against the British. Patrick Henry convinced the House of Burgesses to support the war with his speech,” Give me Liberty or Give me Death!” The congress decided to form an army and appointed George Washington to lead the Continental Army. The also printed their own money to pay the soldiers.

Activity:

Using a double bubble map compare 1 2 nd st Continental Congress and the Continental congress in your journal.

Battle of Bunker Hill

– a moral victory for the Continental Army. British underestimated Continental Army and took three attempts to capture Bunker Hill. Continental Army was told “Don’t Fire Until you see the whites of their eyes!”

It’s Too Late to Apologize. Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress begins to discuss the issue of American independence in 1776. The Olive Branch Petition, a document sent in 1775 ,to ask the King for harmony was rejected.

Thomas Jefferson wrote most of the Declaration od Independences working as part of a small committee. John Adams led the debate in Continental Congress. Most of what we know about the debates came from letters form his wife, Abigail Adams. Abigail Adams was a woman of keen intelligence and strong opinions. Her writings indicate that she had a strong commitment to voting rights for woman and African Americans and supported American independence. Ideas for the DOI were borrowed from John Locke , that people have unalienable rights and that government should protect them.

Chapter 7 Introduction- What would you sacrifice for FREEDOM?

• In this chapter you will learn about the American Revolution. • Our key things for this chapter are • • • • • Key People The four major battles The treaty that ended the war The strengths and weaknesses of both sides, and How the colonists managed to win the war.

Early part of the War

Initial struggles for the Americans

Washington had trouble gathering men for his troops due to these conditions: Colonists were divided on who to support. Many loyalist worked for English government , Native Americans and African Americans were divided too.

Army was initially formed from militia untrained and undisciplined. Soldiers only had to enlist for 1 year so they didn’t stay long. Congress had difficulty supplying blankets, food, guns, and ammunition. Building the Army was crucial to Washington’s plan He knew he had to keep men in the field and win a decisive battle to avoid defeat. In the battle to gain control over new York the British were winning due to hiring the Hessian mercenaries. Washington was forced to retreat through New Jersey after several months of fiughting.

Washington’s Victory, Strategy and Saratoga Washington’s strategy at Trenton. Knowing his troops needed a victory and that British custom of not fighting during the winter months. Washington surprised the Hessians at Trenton on Christmas Eve , gaining prisoners and ammunition.

The British strategy was to seize Hudson River valley and cut off New England from the other states.

The Battle of Saratoga is known as a turning point because of a series of conflicts that led to the surrender of the British Army led by General Burgoyne. It caused the Europeans to think that the Americans might win their war for independence. It helped Ben / supply military assistance to the Americans.

Battle of Saratoga

The War Expands

Help from Abroad; Europeans Help Washington • • Marquis de Lafayette – a French nobleman who served under Washington. He persuaded the French king to send troops to help the United States.

Winter at Valley Forge • In late 1777 Britain forced Washington to retreat from Philadelphia, they camped at Valley Forge.

• Short on supplies • • • Freezing temps Many died from hunger, cold, and diseases In spite of the hard times, Washington and his supporters did not quit

Winter at Valley Forge

Important people that helped the Americans be Victorious War became an international war with the aide of France and Spain helping Americans War moved South because British thought plantation owners would be sympathetic to England. The British had some victories but not enough to turn the tide.

Bernardo de Galvez; helped Americans by shipping them supplies, commanded Spanish troops against British in Louisiana and protected New Orleans.

Haym Solomon: successful Jewish merchant who helped finance Washington’s campaign by giving loans to new government. James Armistead: African American slave that acted as a spy.

John Paul Jones: “ I have not yet begun to fight ”America’s first naval hero. He managed to win a battle against the British with more firepower. His win served to boost the morale of the colonists.

War in the South 1778 1781 Analyze the map and discuss with your partner how the French giving military aide help the Americans.

The Path to Victory

• 1781 – Yorktown • Yorktown is a peninsula. It made it possible for British troops to receive supplies by ship from New York.

• • In August a French fleet blocked the Chesapeake Bay and prevented the British from receiving supplies and escaping Washington and a large French force came in from the North & trapped the British on the peninsula.

• • • British General Cornwallis surrendered Check this website for you tube movies on the Revolution http://storiesofusa.com/lesson-plans-on-american patriotism-for-kids/

Why the Americans Won

Why do you think the Americans Won?

• • Let’s see the REAL DEAL!!!

Strengths and Weaknesses Chart- With your partner consider the events of the American Revolution and as you complete the PPT fill in the chart and put in your journal.

British

1.

2.

3.

4.

British

1.

2.

3.

4.

Strengths American

1.

2.

3.

4.

Weaknesses American

1.

2.

3.

4.

Strength:

soldiers professional British?

American?

Strength:

mercenaries hired soldiers British?

American?

Strength:

advantage home field British?

American?

Strength:

French and Spanish support British?

American?

Strength:

great leadership British?

American?

Strength:

supplies more men and British?

American?

Strength:

patriotism, spirit British?

American?

Strength:

powerful navy British?

American?

Weakness:

poor leadership British?

American?

Weakness:

territory fighting on enemy British?

American?

Weakness:

long supply lines British?

American?

Question:

• Of all the American advantages, which do you think is most important? Why? Explain your answer.

Signing Treaty of Paris, 1783

Treaty of Paris - 1783

• Create a Double Bubble using information on 196 to compare what America received vs Great Britain America’s Terms British’s Terms

It Costs what? How do we move on

? Using information form textbook complete the chart

Cost of the war Issues facing nation afterwards

Question:

• After the war, Americans had high expectations for their new form of government. Predict how you think

the new government will address the issues that came up after the war.

Remembering Battles

• • • • • L – Lexington and Concord – “Shot heard around the world!” First Battles B – Bunker Hill – a moral victory for the American troops (due to heavy British casualties) S – Saratoga – Turning point of the war… it was after this battle that France decided to help us by becoming involved. Y – Yorktown – Britain surrendered to the US.

Create a mnemonic device to remember the order of the battles listed above 