Transcript physics_staar_prep.pptx

April 30, 2012
 The
heat transfer mechanism operating
when a heated fluid rises because it is less
dense than surrounding fluids is called ____.
 a.radiation
b.conduction
 c.convection
d.advection
 c.convection
 The
heat transfer mechanism that transfers
heat energy by electromagnetic waves is
called ____.
 a.conduction
b.convection
 c.advection
d.radiation
 d.radiation
 The
heat transfer mechanism that occurs
when an object comes in contact with
another object is called ____.
 a.radiation
b.advection
 c.conduction
d.convection
 c.conduction
 The
heat transfer mechanism that transfers
warm or cold air by horizontal winds is
called ____.
 a.conduction
b.convection
 c.radiation
d.advection
 d.advection
 John’s
warm bowl of soup cools before he
eats it all. How does the average kinetic
energy of the particles making up the soup
change as the soup cools?
 a.The average kinetic energy of the particles
does not change.
 b.The average kinetic energy of the particles
decreases.
 c.The average kinetic energy of the particles
changes unpredictably.
 d.The average kinetic energy of the
particles increases.
 b.The
average kinetic energy of the particles
decreases.

Lina’s ice cream melts before she eats it all. How
does the average kinetic energy of the ice
cream particles change as the ice cream is
melting?
a. The average kinetic energy of the particles
changes unpredictably.
 b.The average kinetic energy of the particles
decreases.
 c.The average kinetic energy of the particles
does not change.
 d.The average kinetic energy of the particles
increases.

 d.The
average kinetic energy of the
particles increases.

The ice in Mako’s soda melts as he drinks it. How does the
average kinetic energy of the ice particles change while
they are melting?

a.The average kinetic energy of the particles changes
unpredictably.

b.The average kinetic energy of the particles decreases.

c.The average kinetic energy of the particles does not
change.

d.The average kinetic energy of the particles increases.
 d.The
average kinetic energy of the
particles increases

Haya’s cup of hot tea cools before she drinks it all. How
does the average kinetic energy of the tea particles
change as the tea cools?

a.The average kinetic energy of the particles does not
change.

b.The average kinetic energy of the particles changes
unpredictably.

c.The average kinetic energy of the particles increases.

d.The average kinetic energy of the particles decreases.
 d.The
average kinetic energy of the
particles decreases.
 When
Jill and Kevin play with a ball outside
one morning, they notice that it is slightly
flat. When they play with the ball later in the
day after the temperature has increased, the
ball is no longer flat. How has the average
kinetic energy of the air molecules inside
the ball changed?
 a.It has decreased.
b.It has increased
 c.It
has not changed.
d.It has fallen to zero.
 b.It
has increased
 Which
of these substances is made up of
particles which have the greatest average
kinetic energy?
 a.cool
water
 c.warm
water
b.solid ice
d.melting ice
 c.warm
water
Which of these statements about radiation is
true?
 a.Particles of a substance must be in contact for
radiation to occur.


b.Radiation is the transfer of energy by
electromagnetic waves.

c.Radiant energy cannot be reflected by a
surface.

d.The thermal energy of a material decreases
when it absorbs radiant energy.
 b.Radiation
is the transfer of energy by
electromagnetic waves.

Which of these changes increases the total degree of
disorder, or entropy, of the system described?
a.Ice crystals deposit inside a freezer.

b.A liquid boils in a pot on the stove.

c.Liquid drops form on the inside surface of a lid
covering a boiling pot of soup.

d.Minerals deposit out of solution from a stream in a
cave, creating rock formations.

 b.A
liquid boils in a pot on the stove.


The biomolecule adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, stores
energy in the bonds that hold it together. When an ATP
molecule is broken down, energy is released, which is
used in cellular activities like making proteins. When an
ATP molecule is broken down, ____.
a.100% of the energy released is available for cellular
functions

b.less than 100% of the energy released is available for
useful cellular work

c.none of the energy is converted into thermal energy

d.100% of the energy is converted from thermal energy
into chemical potential energy
 b.less
than 100% of the energy released is
available for useful cellular work
 Thermal
energy is transferred from the Sun
to Earth through the process of ____.
 a.convection
b.radiation
 c.conduction
d.refraction
 b.radiation
 Thermal
energy is transferred from a boiling
liquid to a metal spoon placed in the liquid
through the process of ____.
 a.conduction
b.refraction
 c.convection
d.radiation
 a.conduction

Study the description of Erin’s experiment
above. If the water in the beaker is heated from
85 degrees Celsius to 100 degrees Celsius, the
water molecules ____.

A. do not change their speed

B. will initially move faster, but then move
slowly

C. will move more slowly

D. will move faster
more
 D. will
move faster
 Which
of these substances is made up of
particles which have the least average
kinetic energy?
 a.ice
 c.warm
b.melting ice
water
d.cool water
 a.ice
 What
two factors must be known to calculate
a machine’s efficiency?
 a.work
input and work output
 b.power and work output
 c.work input and mechanical advantage
 d.power and mechanical advantage
 a.work
input and work output
 Which
of these energy conversions is made
possible by the use of geothermal energy?
 a.kinetic
energy to nuclear energy
 b.thermal
energy to electrical energy
 c.nuclear
energy to electrical energy
 d.nuclear
energy to electromagnetic energy
 b.thermal
energy to electrical energy
Date
For a period of six days in
October, the nighttime
temperature in a region falls
below 15 degrees Celsius. How
does the thermal energy of the
molecules of air in this region
change during the nighttime
hours over this six-day period?
Oct. 6
Oct. 7
Oct. 8
Oct. 9
Oct. 10
Oct. 11
Oct. 12
Oct. 13
Oct. 14
Oct. 15
a. Thermal energy decreases.
b. Thermal energy increases.
c. Thermal energy decreases, then
increases.
d. Thermal energy does not change.
temperature
20
18
14
14
12
10
13
13
16
19
 A.
Thermal energy decreases.
 Which
of the following substances would
make the best insulator? (Hydrogen,
Rubber, Aluminum)
 Specific
Heat of Substances
 Hydrogen 14000
 Rubber
1700
 Aluminum 900
 Hydrogen
– has greatest specific heat
 You
want to raise the temperature of 0.5kg of
Lead from 78 to 83 C. How much heat
energy is required to accomplish this?
 Specific
Q = mc T
p
heat of lead = 130
 325
J
 If
you have a momentum of 908 kg.m/s and a
mass of 89kg, how fast are you going?
 10.2
m/s
A
2700 kg car accelerated down the
highway from 55 m/s until it reached 72m/s.
47 Newtons of force were applied to change
the momentum. How long did the force act
upon the car?
 976.6
seconds
 The
cheetah whose mass is 89kg is chasing a
gazelle at 19m/s. The gazelle has a
momentum of 1699 kg.m/s and a mass of
77kg. Will the gazelle outrun the
cheetah? How do you know?
 Yes, the
speed
gazelle has more momentum and