Transcript Thermal Energy, Temperature and Heat

Warm-Up 11/13/12

COPY and ANSWER the following
questions on p. 38 in your INB. (Use pgs
472-476 in your textbook for help)
1. What is the difference between temperature
and heat?
2. What are the three temperature scales?
3. What is the relationship between thermal
energy and temperature?
4. What is the relationship between thermal
energy and heat?
Temperature, Heat, and
Heat Transfer
In everyday life we used the words
heat and temperature interchangebly

But, in physical science, while they are
both related to thermal energy, heat, and
temperature are not exactly the same.
Temperature
is defined as the average kinetic energy of
the particles (atoms and molecules) in an
object.
 Thus, the higher the temperature the
faster the molecules are moving
 We observed this when we studied the
motion of particles in a solid vs. a liquid
vs. a gas. Particles in a gas have the
greatest movement or kinetic energy.

Thermal Energy Relationships
a. As temperature increases, so does
thermal energy (because the kinetic
energy of the particles increased).
 b. Even if the temperature doesn’t
change, the thermal energy in a more
massive substance is higher (because it is
a total measure of energy).

Measuring Temperature
Temperature can be measured in degrees
Fahrenheit or Celsius and Kelvin
 All objects above absolute zero have
thermal energy due to the motion of its
particles
 Absolute zero is an indication that there is
no motion in an object’s particles

Heat
Is defined as the
transfer of thermal
energy from one
object to another
 So , heat is the flow
of thermal energy
 Heat always flows
from a warmer object
to a cooler object.

There are three ways in which heat
transfer happens
Conduction – transfer of heat energy from
one solid object to another when they are
in direct contact.
 Convection – transfer of heat energy
through a flowing liquid or gas.
 Radiation – transfer of heat energy in the
form of electromagnetic waves. This is
how heat energy can travel through the
vacuum of space.

Example of conduction…
Examples of convection…
Examples of radiation..
summary
Conductors vs. Insulators

Materials that conduct heat easily are
called Conductors. All metals are good
conductors.

Materials that resist the flow of heat are
called Insulators. Glass, plastic, and wood
are examples of insulators.
Specific Heat
Some things heat up or cool down faster
than others.
Specific Heat

Specific heat is the amount of heat
required to raise the temperature of 1 kg
of a material by one degree (C or K).
1) C water = 4184 J / kg C
2) C sand = 664 J / kg C
Specific Heat
Now, apply what you have learned
about temperature, heat, and heat
transfer by completing the
appropriate sections of the
“Thermal Energy” worksheet