Transcript 28-04_pptlect.ppt

Anatomy & Physiology
SIXTH EDITION
Chapter 28, part 4
The Reproductive System
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by
Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Frederic H. Martini
Fundamentals of
Uterine cycle
• Repeating series of changes in the endometrium
• Continues from menarche to menopause
• Menses
• Degeneration of the endometrium
• Menstruation
• Proliferative phase
• Restoration of the endometrium
• Secretory phase
• Endometrial glands enlarge and accelerate
their rates of secretion
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Figure 28.20 The Uterine Cycle
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Figure 28.20
The vagina
• Major functions
• Passageway for elimination of menstrual fluids
• Receives the penis during sexual intercourse
• Forms the inferior portion of the birth canal
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Figure 28.21 The Histology of the Vagina
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Figure 28.21
External genitalia
• Vulva
• Vestibule
• Labia minora and majora
• Paraurethral glands
• Clitoris
• Lesser and greater vestibular glands
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Figure 28.22 The Female External Genitalia
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Figure 28.22
Mammary glands
• Pectoral fat pad
• Nipple surrounded by the areola
• Function in lactation under control of
reproductive hormones
PLAY
Animation: Female Reproductive System Flythrough
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Figure 28.23 The Mammary Glands
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Figure 28.23a-c
Hormones of the female reproductive cycle
• Control the reproductive cycle
• Coordinate the ovarian and uterine cycles
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Hormones of the female reproductive cycle
• Key hormones include:
• FSH
• Stimulates follicular development
• LH
• Maintains structure and secretory function
of corpus luteum
• Estrogens
• Have multiple functions
• Progesterones
• Stimulate endometrial growth and secretion
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Figure 28.25 The Hormonal Regulation of
Ovarian Activity
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Figure 28.25
Figure 28.26 The Hormonal Regulation of the
Female Reproductive Cycle
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Figure 28.26a-c
Figure 28.26 The Hormonal Regulation of the
Female Reproductive Cycle
PLAY
Animation: Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle
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Figure 28.26d-f
SECTION 28-4
The Physiology of Sexual Intercourse
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Male sexual function
• Arousal
• Leads to erection of the penis
• Parasympathetic outflow over the pelvic
nerves
• Emission and ejaculation
• Occur under sympathetic stimulation
• Results in semen being pushed toward external
urethral opening
• Detumescence
• Subsidence of erection
• Mediated by the sympathetic nervous system
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Female sexual function
• Stages are comparable to those of male sexual
function
• Arousal causes clitoral erection
• Vaginal surfaces are moistened
• Parasympathetic stimulation causes engorgement
of blood vessels in the nipples
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SECTION 28-5
Aging and the Reproductive System
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Menopause
• The time that ovulation and menstruation cease
• Typically around age 45-55
• Accompanied by a decline in circulating estrogen
and progesterone
• Rise in GnRH, FSH, LH
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Male climacteric
• Levels of circulating testosterone begin to decline
• FSH and LH levels rise
• Gradual reduction in sexual activity
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You should now be familiar with:
• The components of the reproductive system, and
their functions
• The components of the male and female
reproductive systems
• The processes of meiosis and gametogenesis in
both sexes
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
You should now be familiar with:
• The roles played by the male reproductive tract
and accessory glands in the functional
maturation, nourishment, storage, and transport
of spermatozoa
• The anatomical, physiological, and hormonal
aspects of the male and female reproductive
cycles
• The physiology of sexual intercourse
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings